HAL Activators
HAL activators constitute a group of compounds that influence cellular metabolic pathways, leading to indirect stimulation of Histidine Ammonia-Lyase. These activators operate through a range of mechanisms, including enhancement of coenzyme pools, modulation of energy status sensors, and influencing transcription factors that govern metabolic gene expression. For instance, compounds like NAD+ and AMP, by modulating sirtuins and AMPK respectively, could facilitate an environment conducive to the upregulation of amino acid catabolic enzymes such as HAL. Similarly, metabolic intermediates like alpha-ketoglutarate could augment amino acid catabolism, thereby indirectly supporting HAL activity. Other compounds, like acetyl-CoA, could affect gene expression profiles, potentially leading to increased HAL synthesis. Additionally, drugs like bezafibrate could activate transcriptional coactivators such as PGC-1alpha, leading to enhanced expression of metabolic genes, including those for HAL. The interplay between metabolic pathways and the modulation of enzyme activities is at the heart of this group of compounds, illustrating the complex network of metabolic regulation within the cell.
These activators also demonstrate how the metabolic state of the cell, including nutrient availability and energy demand, can influence enzyme activities. Leucine's activation of the mTOR pathway and vanadyl sulfate's insulin-mimetic effects show how nutrient signals can cascade to affect amino acid metabolism. Metformin and liraglutide, by modulating AMPK and GLP-1 pathways respectively, can exert influence on systemic metabolic states that potentially affect HAL. PPAR agonists like pioglitazone and autophagy inducers like spermidine also highlight the interconnectedness of metabolic regulation and enzyme function. Finally, metabolic pathway modulators like hydroxycitrate can shift the balance of cellular metabolism in ways that might promote the utilization of amino acids, with consequent effects on enzymes such as HAL.
| Product Name | CAS # | Catalog # | QUANTITY | Price | Citations | RATING |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
NAD+, Free Acid | 53-84-9 | sc-208084B sc-208084 sc-208084A sc-208084C sc-208084D sc-208084E sc-208084F | 1 g 5 g 10 g 25 g 100 g 1 kg 5 kg | $56.00 $186.00 $296.00 $655.00 $2550.00 $3500.00 $10500.00 | 4 | |
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is a coenzyme central to metabolism. It can enhance the activity of sirtuins, which are NAD-dependent deacetylases that can modulate the expression of enzymes involved in amino acid metabolism, including potentially increasing HAL activity. | ||||||
Adenosine phosphate(Vitamin B8) | 61-19-8 | sc-278678 sc-278678A | 50 g 100 g | $160.00 $240.00 | ||
Adenosine monophosphate (AMP) is a key signal in the cellular energy status. Through activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), AMP can stimulate catabolic pathways to replenish ATP, possibly increasing the demand for amino acid catabolism and indirectly upregulating HAL. | ||||||
α-Ketoglutaric Acid | 328-50-7 | sc-208504 sc-208504A sc-208504B sc-208504C sc-208504D sc-208504E sc-208504F | 25 g 100 g 250 g 500 g 1 kg 5 kg 16 kg | $32.00 $42.00 $62.00 $108.00 $184.00 $724.00 $2050.00 | 2 | |
Alpha-ketoglutarate is an intermediate in the Krebs cycle. It can act as a substrate for amino acid transaminases, potentially shifting amino acid metabolism toward deamination processes involving enzymes like HAL. | ||||||
Acetyl coenzyme A trisodium salt | 102029-73-2 | sc-210745 sc-210745A sc-210745B | 1 mg 5 mg 1 g | $46.00 $80.00 $5712.00 | 3 | |
Acetyl coenzyme A is central to energy metabolism and can influence histone acetylation, thereby potentially altering gene expression including enzymes involved in amino acid degradation. | ||||||
Bezafibrate | 41859-67-0 | sc-204650B sc-204650 sc-204650A sc-204650C | 500 mg 1 g 5 g 10 g | $30.00 $45.00 $120.00 $200.00 | 5 | |
Bezafibrate is a fibrate drug that activates PGC-1alpha, a coactivator that regulates genes involved in energy metabolism. It could enhance the expression of enzymes involved in the catabolism of amino acids, including HAL. | ||||||
L-Leucine | 61-90-5 | sc-364173 sc-364173A | 25 g 100 g | $21.00 $61.00 | ||
The amino acid leucine is known to stimulate the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, which could enhance the protein synthesis and turnover, possibly requiring increased amino acid catabolism and indirectly upregulating HAL. | ||||||
Metformin-d6, Hydrochloride | 1185166-01-1 | sc-218701 sc-218701A sc-218701B | 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg | $286.00 $806.00 $1510.00 | 1 | |
Metformin activates AMPK, leading to the enhancement of catabolic processes to generate ATP, which could indirectly increase the demand for amino acid degradation by enzymes like HAL. | ||||||
Liraglutide | 204656-20-2 | sc-507404 | 1 mg | $220.00 | ||
Liraglutide is a GLP-1 analog that influences glucose metabolism. By altering energy balance, it could indirectly affect amino acid catabolism and possibly HAL activity. | ||||||
Pioglitazone | 111025-46-8 | sc-202289 sc-202289A | 1 mg 5 mg | $54.00 $123.00 | 13 | |
Pioglitazone is a PPAR agonist that can modulate the expression of genes involved in energy metabolism, potentially affecting enzymes in amino acid degradation pathways. | ||||||
Spermidine | 124-20-9 | sc-215900 sc-215900B sc-215900A | 1 g 25 g 5 g | $56.00 $595.00 $173.00 | ||
Spermidine is a polyamine that has been shown to induce autophagy and might modulate protein turnover, which could indirectly lead to increased amino acid catabolism and HAL activity. | ||||||