H2-I Activators
indirectly potentiate the functional activity of H2-I through various intracellular signaling pathways. Forskolin, for example, by directly stimulating adenylate cyclase, leads to an increase in cyclic AMP (cAMP) levels within the cell, subsequently activating protein kinase A (PKA). The activated PKA can then phosphorylate target proteins that engage with H2-I, enhancing its activity. Similarly, Isoproterenol, a beta-adrenergic agonist, and phosphodiesterase inhibitors such as Rolipram, IBMX, and Anagrelide elevate cAMP levels, further promoting PKA activity and the indirect activation of H2-I. Sildenafil and Zaprinast, primarily known as PDE5 inhibitors, augment cAMP as well as cGMP levels, which activates not only PKA but also protein kinase G (PKG), both of which can phosphorylate substrates that regulate H2-I activity.
In parallel, compounds like Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) act through PKC and various kinases, respectively, leading to the phosphorylation of proteins that can interact with H2-I. PMA, a PKC activator, potentially alters the phosphorylation status of proteins that affect H2-I's trafficking and function, whereas EGCG, by modulating kinase activity, may influence the same set of proteins. Additionally, ionophores such as Ionomycin and A23187 elevate intracellular calcium levels, triggering calcium-dependent signaling cascades that can indirectly facilitate the enhancement of H2-I function. These chemical activators, through their targeted effects on cellular signaling, collectively contribute to the upregulation of H2-I's activity by manipulating the phosphorylation and signaling dynamics.
SEE ALSO...
| Product Name | CAS # | Catalog # | QUANTITY | Price | Citations | RATING |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Forskolin | 66575-29-9 | sc-3562 sc-3562A sc-3562B sc-3562C sc-3562D | 5 mg 50 mg 1 g 2 g 5 g | $76.00 $150.00 $725.00 $1385.00 $2050.00 | 73 | |
Forskolin activates adenylate cyclase, which increases cyclic AMP (cAMP) levels in cells. Elevated cAMP activates protein kinase A (PKA), which can phosphorylate specific proteins that may interact with or regulate H2-I function, thereby enhancing its activity. | ||||||
(−)-Epigallocatechin Gallate | 989-51-5 | sc-200802 sc-200802A sc-200802B sc-200802C sc-200802D sc-200802E | 10 mg 50 mg 100 mg 500 mg 1 g 10 g | $42.00 $72.00 $124.00 $238.00 $520.00 $1234.00 | 11 | |
EGCG is a potent antioxidant that modulates kinase activity. By modulating the activity of kinases that can phosphorylate proteins that interact with H2-I, it can enhance the functional activity of H2-I. | ||||||
PMA | 16561-29-8 | sc-3576 sc-3576A sc-3576B sc-3576C sc-3576D | 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg 100 mg | $40.00 $129.00 $210.00 $490.00 $929.00 | 119 | |
PMA activates protein kinase C (PKC), which can phosphorylate proteins that affect the intracellular trafficking and function of H2-I, leading to its enhanced activity. | ||||||
Ionomycin | 56092-82-1 | sc-3592 sc-3592A | 1 mg 5 mg | $76.00 $265.00 | 80 | |
Ionomycin is a calcium ionophore that increases intracellular calcium levels, which can activate calcium-dependent signaling pathways and proteins that indirectly enhance the function of H2-I. | ||||||
Isoproterenol Hydrochloride | 51-30-9 | sc-202188 sc-202188A | 100 mg 500 mg | $27.00 $37.00 | 5 | |
Isoproterenol is a beta-adrenergic agonist that elevates cAMP levels, thereby activating PKA and potentially enhancing the functional activity of H2-I through cAMP-dependent pathways. | ||||||
Rolipram | 61413-54-5 | sc-3563 sc-3563A | 5 mg 50 mg | $75.00 $212.00 | 18 | |
Rolipram inhibits phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4), leading to increased cAMP levels in the cell. The resulting activation of PKA could enhance the activity of H2-I by phosphorylation of associated proteins. | ||||||
IBMX | 28822-58-4 | sc-201188 sc-201188B sc-201188A | 200 mg 500 mg 1 g | $159.00 $315.00 $598.00 | 34 | |
IBMX is a non-selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterases, increasing intracellular cAMP levels and thus activating PKA, which could lead to the enhancement of H2-I activity through phosphorylation of related proteins. | ||||||
Zaprinast (M&B 22948) | 37762-06-4 | sc-201206 sc-201206A | 25 mg 100 mg | $103.00 $245.00 | 8 | |
Zaprinast is another PDE5 inhibitor that can increase cAMP and cGMP levels, leading to activation of PKA and PKG and subsequent phosphorylation of proteins that may enhance H2-I activity. | ||||||
A23187 | 52665-69-7 | sc-3591 sc-3591B sc-3591A sc-3591C | 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg | $54.00 $128.00 $199.00 $311.00 | 23 | |
A23187 is a calcium ionophore, like Ionomycin, and it raises intracellular calcium levels, which could activate calcium-dependent signaling pathways that indirectly enhance H2-I activity. | ||||||
Anagrelide | 68475-42-3 | sc-491875 | 25 mg | $147.00 | ||
Anagrelide inhibits PDE3, raising cAMP levels and activating PKA, which can lead to the phosphorylation of proteins that are involved in the regulation of H2-I, thus enhancing its activity. | ||||||