FAM159B Activators

Chemical activators of shisa like 2B can facilitate its functional activation through various biochemical pathways. Forskolin, by elevating cAMP levels, can activate protein kinase A, which is known to phosphorylate target proteins, thereby enhancing their activity and protein-protein interactions. Similarly, the activation of protein kinase C by Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) leads to the phosphorylation of shisa like 2B. This phosphorylation alters the protein's conformation and its interaction with other cellular components, ultimately increasing its activity within the cell. Ionomycin, by raising intracellular calcium levels, prompts the activation of calmodulin-dependent kinases, which can also result in the phosphorylation and subsequent activation of shisa like 2B.

Inhibition of protein phosphatases plays a pivotal role in the regulation of shisa like 2B activity. Both Okadaic acid and Calyculin A inhibit protein phosphatases such as PP1 and PP2A, which usually dephosphorylate cellular proteins. Their inhibition leads to sustained phosphorylation, which can maintain shisa like 2B in an active state. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which may phosphorylate and activate shisa like 2B. Anisomycin, through its activation of JNK pathway, can lead to the phosphorylation and activation of shisa like 2B. Spermidine induces autophagy, which might result in the degradation of inhibitors of shisa like 2B, thereby increasing its activity. Resveratrol activates SIRT1, which can deacetylate proteins and may thus enhance the function of shisa like 2B. Lithium chloride, by inhibiting GSK-3β, can lead to the activation of proteins through the inactivation of their inhibitors, indirectly affecting the activity state of shisa like 2B. Lastly, sodium butyrate, as a histone deacetylase inhibitor, can lead to changes in gene expression that enhance the activation of shisa like 2B, while 5-Azacytidine, by inhibiting DNA methyltransferases, can activate genes that encode for proteins that interact with and activate shisa like 2B.