CAT56 Activators

The first category of CAT56 activators is explicitly designed to modulate cAMP levels and PKA activity. Chemicals like Forskolin and Sp-8-Br-cAMPS act by directly increasing cAMP levels. Forskolin directly stimulates adenylate cyclase to produce cAMP, leading to subsequent PKA activation. PKA, when activated, directly phosphorylates CAT56, switching it to an active form. Sp-8-Br-cAMPS, a membrane-permeable analog of cAMP, directly targets PKA for activation without the need for adenylate cyclase, also leading to CAT56 phosphorylation and activation.

The second category focuses on altering calcium-dependent cellular processes to activate CAT56 directly. A23187, a calcium ionophore, allows Ca2+ to flow into the cell, causing an immediate increase in intracellular calcium levels. This surge activates calcium-dependent kinases that directly phosphorylate CAT56. Chelerythrine Chloride and PDBu act as direct activators of PKC. Both chemicals bind to the catalytic site of PKC, thereby phosphorylating and directly activating CAT56. This class of compounds serves to alter cellular biochemistry with the sole purpose of CAT56 activation.