ADM Receptor Activators

ADM Receptor Activators comprise chemical compounds that influence the ADM receptor by increasing intracellular cAMP levels, which leads to protein kinase A activation. This activation triggers phosphorylation of the ADM receptor, enhancing its function. Notably, these activators can be classified into several categories, including catecholamines (e.g., norepinephrine, epinephrine, isoproterenol, and dopamine), phosphodiesterase inhibitors (e.g., sildenafil, theophylline, caffeine, and rolipram), and compounds that directly or indirectly increase cAMP levels (e.g., forskolin, dibutyryl-cAMP, adenosine, and adenine).

These compounds contribute to the functional activation of the ADM receptor in a few distinct but interconnected ways. Catecholamines and adenosine interact with their respective receptors, leading to an increase in adenylyl cyclase activity and subsequently, cAMP production. Phosphodiesterase inhibitors prevent the breakdown of cAMP, maintaining high intracellular cAMP levels. Forskolin directly stimulates adenylyl cyclase activity, while dibutyryl-cAMP, a cell-permeable cAMP analogue, bypasses this step, directly activating protein kinase A. Collectively, these ADM receptor activators contribute to the phosphorylation and functional activation of the ADM receptor by leveraging the cAMP-protein kinase A signaling pathway.