Virginiamycin S1 (CAS 23152-29-6)

Virginiamycin S1, an antibiotic belonging to the polyether class, is produced by Streptomyces virginiae, a Gram-positive bacterium. This polyether antibiotic is renowned for its broad-spectrum activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Extensive research has focused on exploring the potential of Virginiamycin S1 abilities to impede the growth of specific fungi. Studies have highlighted the remarkable effectiveness of Virginiamycin S1 against a diverse array of bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Furthermore, it has demonstrated efficacy against certain fungi, such as Candida albicans and Aspergillus fumigatus. The mechanism of action employed by Virginiamycin S1 involves binding to the bacterial cell wall, disrupting its integrity and impeding bacterial and fungal growth. Consequently, replication is hindered, leading to eventual cell death. Virginiamycin S1 is a streptogramin antibiotic and one of the major active natural product components of Streptomyces virginiae antibiotic secretions. Virginiamycin S1 and virginiamycin M1 work synergistically to produce bacteriocidal action (see Virginiamycin complex, sc-202383), inhibiting protein synthesis of the target in an irreversible fashion upon exposure to both compounds. Moreover, Virginiamycin S1 exhibits inhibitory effects on essential enzymes vital for bacterial DNA replication, including RNA polymerase and topoisomerase. By targeting these enzymes, Virginiamycin S1 further disrupts bacterial replication processes.