smoothelin Antibody (D-10): sc-133186

Smoothelin Antibody (D-10) is a mouse monoclonal IgG1 antibody that detects smoothelin in mouse, rat, and human samples through applications such as western blotting (WB), immunoprecipitation (IP), immunofluorescence (IF), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Smoothelin is a crucial cytoskeletal protein that plays a significant role in the contractile function of smooth muscle cells, which are essential for various physiological processes, including blood vessel contraction and gastrointestinal motility. Smoothelin is predominantly localized within the filament network of contractile smooth muscle cells, where smoothelin associates with actin stress fibers, contributing to the structural integrity and contractility of these cells. Notably, smoothelin exists in at least two isoforms produced by alternative splicing, with the short isoform being expressed in visceral muscle tissues such as the intestine and stomach, while the long isoform is found in all vascularized organs. Smoothelin expression is particularly important in the vascular system, as smoothelin is limited to large veins and arteries capable of pulsatile contraction, making smoothelin a valuable marker for studying vascular malformations and injuries. The gene encoding human smoothelin is located on chromosome 22q12.2, highlighting smoothelin′s evolutionary conservation among vertebrates and significance in smooth muscle cell differentiation and function. Anti-smoothelin antibody (D-10) is an essential tool for researchers investigating smooth muscle biology and related pathologies.

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smoothelin Antibody (D-10) References:

1. A novel isoform of the smooth muscle cell differentiation marker smoothelin.  |  Krämer, J., et al. 1999. J Mol Med (Berl). 77: 294-8. PMID: 10023782
2. Expression of smoothelin in the normal and the overactive human bladder.  |  Maake, C., et al. 2006. J Urol. 175: 1152-7. PMID: 16469643
3. Diagnostic utility of antibody to smoothelin in the distinction of muscularis propria from muscularis mucosae of the urinary bladder: a potential ancillary tool in the pathologic staging of invasive urothelial carcinoma.  |  Paner, GP., et al. 2009. Am J Surg Pathol. 33: 91-8. PMID: 18936687
4. Smoothelin immunohistochemistry is a useful adjunct for assessing muscularis propria invasion in bladder carcinoma.  |  Bovio, IM., et al. 2010. Histopathology. 56: 951-6. PMID: 20636795
5. Smoothelin is a specific and robust marker for distinction of muscularis propria and muscularis mucosae in the gastrointestinal tract.  |  Montani, M., et al. 2010. Histopathology. 57: 244-9. PMID: 20716166
6. Smoothelin-like 1 protein is a bifunctional regulator of the progesterone receptor during pregnancy.  |  Bodoor, K., et al. 2011. J Biol Chem. 286: 31839-51. PMID: 21771785
7. Smoothelin-B is not a target of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 in the vasculature of endotoxemic rats.  |  de Souza, P., et al. 2014. Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 92: 887-91. PMID: 25272092
8. Smoothelin-Like Protein 1 Regulates the Thyroid Hormone-Induced Homeostasis and Remodeling of C2C12 Cells via the Modulation of Myosin Phosphatase.  |  Major, E., et al. 2021. Int J Mol Sci. 22: PMID: 34638630
9. Bioinformatic analysis of smoothelin family members supports tissue-specific functions of unique C-terminal calponin homology domains.  |  Garg, D. and Fisher, SA. 2023. Physiol Rep. 11: e15844. PMID: 37960982
10. Differentiation of smooth muscle cells in human blood vessels as defined by smoothelin, a novel marker for the contractile phenotype.  |  van der Loop, FT., et al. 1997. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 17: 665-71. PMID: 9108778

The preferred smoothelin antibody is smoothelin Antibody (R4A): sc-23883.