Sand (CAS 14808-60-7)

Sand is a naturally abundant granular material composed primarily of finely divided rock and mineral particles, the most common constituent being quartz. Sand′s chemical and physical properties make it integral to various research fields, particularly in geology and environmental science. In geology, sand is used to study sedimentary processes and earth′s history through the analysis of particle size, composition, and layering, which can reveal past climatic conditions, geological events, and environmental changes. In environmental studies, sand serves as a medium in filtration systems for water purification, where its large surface area and the ability to retain pollutants play a crucial role. The mechanism of action in such applications involves physical trapping of particulate matter and adsorption of contaminants onto the sand particles. Furthermore, sand is employed in the research of hydraulic fracturing, a method used in the extraction of oil and gas, where its physical properties are crucial for propping open fractures in rock to allow hydrocarbons to flow more freely. Additionally, in the field of materials science, sand is fundamental in the creation of glass and concrete, providing insights into the properties required for manufacturing and the implications of different sand types on product quality and environmental sustainability.