Rhodamine 123 (CAS 62669-70-9)

Rhodamine 123 is a cationic, fluorescent dye belonging to the rhodamine family, characterized by its structural formula C21H17N2O3Cl. Renowned for its bright green fluorescence, Rhodamine 123 is extensively used in various scientific research fields, especially in the study of cellular and molecular processes. This compound is particularly valued for its ability to selectively accumulate in mitochondria due to its lipophilic cationic nature, making it an excellent tool for assessing mitochondrial mass and membrane potential. The mechanism by which Rhodamine 123 functions involves its passive diffusion across the cell membrane followed by its active uptake into the mitochondrial matrix driven by the negative membrane potential of the mitochondria. Once inside, it becomes sequestered, and due to its fluorescent properties, it can be detected using fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. This feature is utilized in research to investigate mitochondrial dynamics, including biogenesis, morphology, and function in live cells. Additionally, Rhodamine 123 has been employed in environmental science to trace the movement of water or pollutants in complex systems due to its distinctive and easily detectable fluorescence, providing insights into fluid dynamics and contaminant distribution. Its diverse applications make it a versatile tool in both biological and environmental studies.