Date published: 2025-10-18

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PMA (CAS 16561-29-8)

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Alternate Names:
PMA is also known as Phorbol-12-Myristate-13-Acetate.
Application:
PMA is a reversible and highly potent protein kinase C (PKC) activator in vitro and in vivo at nM concentrations.
CAS Number:
16561-29-8
Purity:
≥95%
Molecular Weight:
616.83
Molecular Formula:
C36H56O8
For Research Use Only. Not Intended for Diagnostic or Therapeutic Use.
* Refer to Certificate of Analysis for lot specific data.

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PMA, a diester of phorbol, is renowned for its role in tumor promotion. It distinguishes itself as a reversible and highly potent activator of protein kinase C (PKC), showcasing significant efficacy both in vitro and in vivo at nanomolar concentrations. The mechanism underlying PMA′s potent activation of PKC hinges on its structural similarity to diacylglycerol, a physiological activator of PKC, enabling it to mimic diacylglycerol′s role in the activation process. Beyond its primary action, PMA exerts additional biological effects, such as activating Ca2+-ATPase, an enzyme critical for calcium transport across cell membranes, and enhancing cAMP formation in conjunction with forskolin, a process pivotal for various cellular signaling pathways. Intriguingly, PMA exhibits a dual role in cellular apoptosis: it can inhibit apoptosis triggered by the Fas antigen, showcasing a protective effect against cell death, while conversely, it has the capability to induce apoptosis in specific cell types, such as HL-60 promyelocytic leukemia cells. This dualistic nature underscores PMA′s complex interplay within cellular signaling networks and highlights its utility in research focused on elucidating the intricacies of cellular apoptosis and signal transduction pathways.


PMA (CAS 16561-29-8) References

  1. Ceramide disables 3-phosphoinositide binding to the pleckstrin homology domain of protein kinase B (PKB)/Akt by a PKCzeta-dependent mechanism.  |  Powell, DJ., et al. 2003. Mol Cell Biol. 23: 7794-808. PMID: 14560023
  2. Cyclooxygenase inhibition prevents PMA-induced increase in pulmonary vascular permeability to albumin.  |  Zanaboni, PB., et al. 1992. J Appl Physiol (1985). 73: 2011-5. PMID: 1474079
  3. Characterization of phorbol esters activity on individual mammalian protein kinase C isoforms, using the yeast phenotypic assay.  |  Saraiva, L., et al. 2004. Eur J Pharmacol. 491: 101-10. PMID: 15140626
  4. Role of protein kinase C in the regulation of glucose transport in the rat adipose cell. Translocation of glucose transporters without stimulation of glucose transport activity.  |  Saltis, J., et al. 1991. J Biol Chem. 266: 261-7. PMID: 1985898
  5. Dendritic cells express hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase and function as a source of prostaglandin D2 in the skin.  |  Shimura, C., et al. 2010. Am J Pathol. 176: 227-37. PMID: 20008150
  6. PMA induces androgen receptor downregulation and cellular apoptosis in prostate cancer cells.  |  Itsumi, M., et al. 2014. J Mol Endocrinol. 53: 31-41. PMID: 24780839
  7. Phorbol esters induce transient internalization without degradation of unoccupied epidermal growth factor receptors.  |  Beguinot, L., et al. 1985. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 82: 2774-8. PMID: 2859591
  8. Macrophage differentiation induced by PMA is mediated by activation of RhoA/ROCK signaling.  |  Yang, L., et al. 2017. J Toxicol Sci. 42: 763-771. PMID: 29142175
  9. Effects of para-methoxyamphetamine (PMA) on agonistic encounters between male mice.  |  Martín-López, M., et al. 2018. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 167: 9-16. PMID: 29453997
  10. Applicability of propidium monoazide (PMA) for discrimination between living and dead phytoplankton cells.  |  Joo, S., et al. 2019. PLoS One. 14: e0218924. PMID: 31237931
  11. A novel PMA synthetase is the key enzyme for polymalate biosynthesis and its gene is regulated by a calcium signaling pathway in Aureobasidium melanogenum ATCC62921.  |  Wang, K., et al. 2020. Int J Biol Macromol. 156: 1053-1063. PMID: 31765748
  12. Polymalate (PMA) biosynthesis and its molecular regulation in Aureobasidium spp.  |  Qi, CY., et al. 2021. Int J Biol Macromol. 174: 512-518. PMID: 33548308
  13. Direct activation of calcium-activated, phospholipid-dependent protein kinase by tumor-promoting phorbol esters.  |  Castagna, M., et al. 1982. J Biol Chem. 257: 7847-51. PMID: 7085651
  14. Role for ceramide as an endogenous mediator of Fas-induced cytotoxicity.  |  Tepper, CG., et al. 1995. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 92: 8443-7. PMID: 7545303
  15. Effect of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate on Ca2+-ATPase activity in rat liver nuclei.  |  Oishi, K. and Yamaguchi, M. 1994. J Cell Biochem. 55: 168-72. PMID: 8089192

Ordering Information

Product NameCatalog #UNITPriceQtyFAVORITES

PMA, 1 mg

sc-3576
1 mg
$40.00

PMA, 5 mg

sc-3576A
5 mg
$129.00

PMA, 10 mg

sc-3576B
10 mg
$210.00

PMA, 25 mg

sc-3576C
25 mg
$490.00

PMA, 100 mg

sc-3576D
100 mg
$929.00

Can we get free samples of antibody with this order?

Asked by: Selma
Thank you for contacting Santa Cruz Biotechnology. To receive information about our antibody sample program please contact Technical service. Please call 800-457-3801.
Answered by: BlakeJ
Date published: 2025-04-04

I would like to dissolve the PMA ( code no 16561-29-8) in DMSO to use it in tissue culture, but DMSO is toxic to cells and the final concentration should be less than ).1% , so what is the concentration of DMSO used to dissolve the stock PMA??

Asked by: Alubaidi
Thank you for your question. PMA is soluble in DMSO (25 mg/ml), 100% ethanol (25 mg/ml), acetone, ether, DMF, methanol, and chloroform. Since it is insoluble in water and aqueous buffers, tissue culture use of this product may in fact prove difficult.
Answered by: Tech Support Europe
Date published: 2022-07-21
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Rated 5 out of 5 by from work wellUsing PMA from Santa to active neutrophils to NETosis and it works well as the same product from Sigma
Date published: 2018-01-15
Rated 5 out of 5 by from Great PKC activatorIsed this PKC activator many times with great results.
Date published: 2017-07-05
Rated 5 out of 5 by from well doneWe had used PMA for a long time(final conentration 10nmol-100nmol), PMA-treated THP-1 cells grew well and stable, and Western blot worked well too!
Date published: 2016-11-01
Rated 4 out of 5 by from thp-1 differentiate into macrophagesthp-1 cells can differentiate into macrophages by using PMA.
Date published: 2016-11-01
Rated 5 out of 5 by from An increase in cAn increase in c-Fos protein expression was observed (nuclear extracts) by WB in Jurkat cells post treatment with PMA. Other proteins affected by treatment with PMA include: p-PKC , caspase-6, p63 . -SCBT QC
Date published: 2015-02-01
Rated 5 out of 5 by from Zhou etZhou et. al. (PubMed ID 23174781) used PMA to mimic Resistin to activate NF- B (via PKC - PKG signal transduction pathway). -SCBT QC
Date published: 2015-02-01
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PMA is rated 4.8 out of 5 by 6.
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