Date published: 2026-4-30

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Philanthotoxin 433 tris(trifluoroacetate) salt (CAS 276684-27-6)

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Alternate Names:
Philanthotoxin 433 tris(trifluoroacetate) salt is also known as PhTX-433 tris(trifluoroacetate) salt.
Application:
Philanthotoxin 433 tris(trifluoroacetate) salt is a polyamine-containing toxin, which blocks NMDA-gated ion channels.
CAS Number:
276684-27-6
Purity:
≥95%
Molecular Weight:
777.67
Molecular Formula:
C23H41N5O33C2HF3O2
Supplemental Information:
This is classified as a Dangerous Good for transport and may be subject to additional shipping charges.
For Research Use Only. Not Intended for Diagnostic or Therapeutic Use.
* Refer to Certificate of Analysis for lot specific data.

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Philanthotoxin 433 tris(trifluoroacetate) salt, often abbreviated as PhTX-433, is a polyamine-containing toxin found in the venom of the wasp Philanthus triangulum. It is known for its specific action on ion channels, particularly its inhibition of NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) receptors, which are for synaptic transmission and plasticity in the central nervous system. This toxin operates by binding to the open channel form of NMDA receptors, thereby obstructing the flow of ions such as calcium, sodium, and potassium across the cell membrane. This blockade can modulate the receptor′s function, makingPhilanthotoxin 433 tris(trifluoroacetate) salt useful in neurophysiological research for understanding synaptic processes, the mechanisms underlying excitatory neurotransmission, and the pathophysiology of diseases characterized by NMDA receptor dysfunction. Its utility in research extends to the exploration of the structural and functional dynamics of ion channels, contributing to the broader field of neuropharmacology and the development of strategies for targeting these channels in various neurological conditions.


Philanthotoxin 433 tris(trifluoroacetate) salt (CAS 276684-27-6) References

  1. Effects of philanthotoxin-343 on CA1 pyramidal neurons of rat hippocampus in vitro.  |  Fedorov, NB., et al. 1992. Eur J Pharmacol. 228: 201-6. PMID: 1282467
  2. Inhibition of dipteran larval neuromuscular synaptic transmission by analogues of philanthotoxin-4.3.3: a structure-activity study.  |  Benson, JA., et al. 1992. Comp Biochem Physiol C Comp Pharmacol Toxicol. 102: 267-72. PMID: 1358540
  3. Differential regulation of metabotropic glutamate receptor- and AMPA receptor-mediated dendritic Ca2+ signals by presynaptic and postsynaptic activity in hippocampal interneurons.  |  Topolnik, L., et al. 2005. J Neurosci. 25: 990-1001. PMID: 15673681
  4. Age-dependent participation of Ras-GRF proteins in coupling calcium-permeable AMPA glutamate receptors to Ras/Erk signaling in cortical neurons.  |  Tian, X. and Feig, LA. 2006. J Biol Chem. 281: 7578-82. PMID: 16407208
  5. Metabotropic glutamate receptors modulate the NMDA- and AMPA-induced gene expression in neocortical interneurons.  |  Lindemeyer, K., et al. 2006. Cereb Cortex. 16: 1662-77. PMID: 16407481
  6. Glia-dependent switch of kainate receptor presynaptic action.  |  Bonfardin, VD., et al. 2010. J Neurosci. 30: 985-95. PMID: 20089907
  7. Functional architecture of olfactory ionotropic glutamate receptors.  |  Abuin, L., et al. 2011. Neuron. 69: 44-60. PMID: 21220098
  8. Kainate receptor-induced retrograde inhibition of glutamatergic transmission in vasopressin neurons.  |  Bonfardin, VD., et al. 2012. J Neurosci. 32: 1301-10. PMID: 22279215
  9. Molecular mechanisms that stabilize short term synaptic plasticity during presynaptic homeostatic plasticity.  |  Ortega, JM., et al. 2018. Elife. 7: PMID: 30422113
  10. Dual separable feedback systems govern firing rate homeostasis.  |  Kulik, Y., et al. 2019. Elife. 8: PMID: 30973325
  11. Target-wide Induction and Synapse Type-Specific Robustness of Presynaptic Homeostasis.  |  Genç, Ö. and Davis, GW. 2019. Curr Biol. 29: 3863-3873.e2. PMID: 31708391
  12. Presynaptic Homeostasis Opposes Disease Progression in Mouse Models of ALS-Like Degeneration: Evidence for Homeostatic Neuroprotection.  |  Orr, BO., et al. 2020. Neuron. 107: 95-111.e6. PMID: 32380032
  13. Active zone compaction correlates with presynaptic homeostatic potentiation.  |  Mrestani, A., et al. 2021. Cell Rep. 37: 109770. PMID: 34610300
  14. Endogenous tagging of Unc-13 reveals nanoscale reorganization at active zones during presynaptic homeostatic potentiation.  |  Dannhäuser, S., et al. 2022. Front Cell Neurosci. 16: 1074304. PMID: 36589286
  15. Selective antagonism of native and cloned kainate and NMDA receptors by polyamine-containing toxins.  |  Brackley, PT., et al. 1993. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 266: 1573-80. PMID: 7690404
  16. Philanthotoxin inhibits Ca2+ currents in rat hippocampal CA1 neurons.  |  Karst, H., et al. 1994. Eur J Pharmacol. 270: 357-60. PMID: 7805785

Ordering Information

Product NameCatalog #UNITPriceQtyFAVORITES

Philanthotoxin 433 tris(trifluoroacetate) salt, 1 mg

sc-255421
1 mg
$612.00