Methyl Green (CAS 7114-03-6)

Methyl Green, with the CAS number 7114-03-6, is a synthetic cationic dye that binds specifically to DNA, making it especially useful in various fields of biological research where visualization of nucleic acids is required. This dye is often employed in the staining of chromosomes, facilitating the clear differentiation of nuclei during microscopic examination. The primary mechanism through which Methyl Green operates involves its interaction with the minor groove of DNA, where it aligns with the helical structure of DNA at regions that are rich in adenine-thymine (AT) base pairs. This selective binding is attributed to the dye′s positive charge, which forms electrostatic interactions with the negatively charged phosphate backbone of DNA molecules, resulting in a stable complex that exhibits a vivid green fluorescence under appropriate lighting conditions. In research, Methyl Green is commonly used in combination with other stains, such as pyronin Y, in differential staining techniques to distinguish between DNA and RNA, as it preferentially binds to DNA. This property is particularly advantageous in histology for visualizing cell nuclei and examining nuclear morphology. Additionally, Methyl Green′s ability to resist photobleaching and maintain its stability under light makes it a valuable tool in prolonged imaging studies where consistent and reliable visualization of genetic material is critical.