Magnesium oxide (CAS 1309-48-4)

Magnesium oxide, often abbreviated as MgO, is a white hygroscopic solid mineral that is commonly used across a wide range of scientific and industrial fields. It is produced through the calcination of magnesium carbonate or magnesium hydroxide and is known for its high melting point and thermal stability, making it a valuable material in refractory applications for furnaces in industries such as steel and cement production. In these settings, MgO helps to withstand high temperatures and protect structural integrity. Beyond its heat-resistant properties, magnesium oxide also exhibits significant utility as an electrical insulator in electronic devices. Its ability to resist electrical current makes it an ideal choice for components that require high thermal conductivity alongside electrical resistance. In environmental science research, MgO has been employed as a basic agent in the treatment of acidic wastewaters; its reactivity with acids allows for effective neutralization processes, thus contributing to water purification efforts. Furthermore, magnesium oxide serves as a catalyst and a catalyst support in chemical reactions, enhancing the efficiency and selectivity of processes such as the synthesis of fine chemicals. Its high surface area and stability under harsh conditions make it suitable for catalytic applications, where it facilitates various chemical transformations by providing a stable platform for reactions without participating chemically in the process.