Glycoursodeoxycholic Acid (CAS 64480-66-6)

Glycoursodeoxycholic Acid (GUDCA) is a significant bile acid that emerges as a metabolite of Ursodeoxycholic Acid, which is used as an anticholelithogenic. As a secondary bile acid, Glycoursodeoxycholic Acid originates from the conversion of chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) by intestinal bacteria and occupies a prominent position in the bile acid pool of humans and other mammals, contributing to various physiological processes. It assumes a vital role in the enterohepatic circulation, which governs the absorption and excretion of bile acids, and has become a subject of extensive laboratory research, finding utility across diverse scientific applications. Glycoursodeoxycholic Acid functions as an agonist of the farnesoid X receptor (FXR), a nuclear receptor pivotal in regulating bile acid homeostasis. Through binding and activation of FXR, Glycoursodeoxycholic Acid influences the transcriptional activity of FXR, thereby modulating genes involved in bile acid metabolism and transport. Furthermore, Glycoursodeoxycholic Acid exhibits the capacity to modulate the activity of several enzymes associated with lipid metabolism, including lipoprotein lipase, acyl-coenzyme A synthetase, and acyl-CoA oxidase. It also exerts influence over the expression of genes implicated in the metabolism of lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins. Additionally, Glycoursodeoxycholic Acid displays notable anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and antioxidant activities.