DL-Indole-3-lactic acid (CAS 832-97-3)

DL-Indole-3-lactic acid, also known as Indole-3-lactic acid (ILA), is a naturally occurring compound that falls under the category of indole derivatives. It is produced when tryptophan, an essential amino acid present in various foods, undergoes metabolism. The immune response modulation is among the notable effects of DL-Indole-3-lactic acid. By regulating the production of cytokines and chemokines, DL-Indole-3-lactic acid influences the immune system. Additionally, it has been discovered to hinder the growth and proliferation of cancer cells by triggering apoptosis (cell death) and cell cycle arrest. The activation of various signaling pathways, such as the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways, is believed to be involved in these processes. DL-Indole-3-lactic acid has the ability to inhibit the activation of NF-κB, a transcription factor responsible for controlling genes associated with inflammation and immunity. Moreover, DL-Indole-3-lactic acid activates the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway, which plays a vital role in energy metabolism and cellular homeostasis.