ddWater (endotoxin-free) (CAS 7732-18-5)

Endotoxin-free double-distilled water (ddWater) is a crucial reagent in various molecular biology and biochemical research applications, particularly those sensitive to endotoxin contamination. Endotoxins, also known as lipopolysaccharides (LPS), are components of the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria and can adversely affect experimental results, especially in assays involving cell culture, protein purification, and molecular biology techniques. Double-distilled water undergoes a rigorous purification process to remove impurities, including endotoxins, ensuring high-quality water suitable for use in sensitive research applications. This purification process typically involves multiple distillation steps followed by filtration to achieve ultra-pure water with minimal contamination. Endotoxin-free ddWater is commonly used in various molecular biology procedures, such as PCR (polymerase chain reaction), DNA sequencing, and restriction enzyme digestion, where the presence of endotoxins can inhibit enzymatic reactions or interfere with downstream analyses. Moreover, endotoxin-free ddWater is essential for cell culture experiments, where even low levels of endotoxin contamination can induce cellular responses and affect experimental outcomes. By using endotoxin-free water, researchers can minimize the risk of unintended cellular responses and ensure the reliability and reproducibility of their results.