D-myo-Inositol-1,2,3,5-tetraphosphate, sodium salt

D-myo-Inositol-1,2,3,5-tetraphosphate, sodium salt, is a crucial signaling molecule involved in various cellular processes, particularly in the regulation of intracellular calcium levels and downstream cellular responses. It is synthesized through the phosphorylation of inositol bisphosphate by specific kinases. Mechanistically, this compound acts as a second messenger by binding to and activating inositol trisphosphate receptors (IP3Rs) located on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane. This interaction leads to the release of calcium ions (Ca2+) from intracellular stores into the cytoplasm, resulting in a transient increase in cytosolic calcium concentration. The elevated calcium levels then trigger numerous cellular responses, including muscle contraction, neurotransmitter release, and gene expression regulation. In research, D-myo-Inositol-1,2,3,5-tetraphosphate, sodium salt, is extensively used to study calcium signaling pathways, intracellular communication, and the physiological consequences of altered calcium dynamics in cellular models. Researchers employ various experimental techniques, such as calcium imaging, electrophysiology, and molecular biology assays, to explain the complex mechanisms underlying its actions and its implications in cellular physiology and disease processes.