C4 Antibody (16D2): sc-58930

C4 Antibody (16D2) is a rat monoclonal IgG2a antibody that detects C4 protein of mouse origin by western blotting (WB), immunoprecipitation (IP), immunofluorescence (IF), and flow cytometry (FCM). C4 (16D2) antibody is available in both non-conjugated and various conjugated forms, including phycoerythrin (PE) and fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC). C4 protein plays a crucial role in the complement system, which is essential for immune defense and inflammation. C4 protein is synthesized as a precursor that undergoes cleavage to yield three distinct chains: α, β, and γ, which are vital for function. The α chain can be further cleaved into two isotypes, C4a and C4b, each with unique reactivity profiles; C4a is acidic and interacts with amino groups, while C4b is basic and reacts with hydroxyl groups. This structural diversity allows C4 protein to participate in various immune responses, including opsonization and the promotion of inflammation. The human C4 gene is polymorphic, with two loci, C4A and C4B, located on chromosome 6p21.32, which are associated with different blood group antigens. Deficiencies in C4 protein are linked to autoimmune disorders, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, highlighting the importance in maintaining immune homeostasis.

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C4 Antibody (16D2) References:

1. Genetic, structural and functional diversities of human complement components C4A and C4B and their mouse homologues, Slp and C4.  |  Blanchong, CA., et al. 2001. Int Immunopharmacol. 1: 365-92. PMID: 11367523
2. Genetics of human complement component C4 and evolution the central MHC.  |  Martinez, OP., et al. 2001. Front Biosci. 6: D904-13. PMID: 11487475
3. Characterization of a de novo conversion in human complement C4 gene producing a C4B5-like protein.  |  Jaatinen, T., et al. 2002. J Immunol. 168: 5652-8. PMID: 12023363
4. The molecular basis of complete complement C4A and C4B deficiencies in a systemic lupus erythematosus patient with homozygous C4A and C4B mutant genes.  |  Rupert, KL., et al. 2002. J Immunol. 169: 1570-8. PMID: 12133986
5. Structural basis of the polymorphism of human complement components C4A and C4B: gene size, reactivity and antigenicity.  |  Yu, CY., et al. 1986. EMBO J. 5: 2873-81. PMID: 2431902
6. Hepatitis C virus NS3/4A protease inhibits complement activation by cleaving complement component 4.  |  Mawatari, S., et al. 2013. PLoS One. 8: e82094. PMID: 24349192
7. Schizophrenia risk from complex variation of complement component 4.  |  Sekar, A., et al. 2016. Nature. 530: 177-83. PMID: 26814963
8. Complement C4 Prevents Viral Infection through Capsid Inactivation.  |  Bottermann, M., et al. 2019. Cell Host Microbe. 25: 617-629.e7. PMID: 30926239
9. Elevated expression of complement C4 in the mouse prefrontal cortex causes schizophrenia-associated phenotypes.  |  Druart, M., et al. 2021. Mol Psychiatry. 26: 3489-3501. PMID: 33837272
10. The Complement Component 4 Binding Protein α Gene: A Versatile Immune Gene That Influences Lipid Metabolism in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cell Lines.  |  Chen, X., et al. 2024. Int J Mol Sci. 25: PMID: 38397050
11. Structure and function of the anaphylatoxins.  |  Hugli, TE. 1984. Springer Semin Immunopathol. 7: 193-219. PMID: 6387982
12. Molecular characterization of complement components (C3, C4, and factor B) in human saliva.  |  Andoh, A., et al. 1997. J Clin Immunol. 17: 404-7. PMID: 9327340

The preferred C4α antibody is C4α Antibody (C-2): sc-271181.