AMD 3465 hexahydrobromide (CAS 185991-07-5)

AMD 3465 hexahydrobromide is a potent and selective antagonist of the CXCR4 chemokine receptor, a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that plays a crucial role in the chemotaxis and homing of cells, particularly immune and stem cells. This compound is a small molecule that specifically binds to CXCR4, inhibiting its interaction with its natural ligand, CXCL12 (stromal cell-derived factor 1, SDF-1), which is fundamental in various cellular processes. The primary mechanism of action of AMD 3465 hexahydrobromide involves its competitive binding to the CXCR4 receptor. By occupying the same site as CXCL12, AMD 3465 prevents CXCR4 from initiating a signal transduction cascade that typically results in cell migration. This blockade is particularly useful in studying how the CXCR4/CXCL12 axis influences cell movement and positioning within different tissues, especially in the context of inflammation and metastasis. In research, AMD 3465 hexahydrobromide has been extensively used to dissect the role of CXCR4 in cell migration and invasion. For instance, it has been employed in studies examining the migratory behavior of cancer cells, helping to explain how blocking CXCR4 affects the metastatic potential of these cells. By inhibiting CXCR4, researchers can study the reduced ability of cancer cells to find and colonize distant organs, providing insights into potential strategies for limiting metastasis. Furthermore, AMD 3465 hexahydrobromide has been utilized in studies focused on stem cell biology. It is used to understand how disruption of the CXCR4/CXCL12 interaction affects the homing and mobilization of hematopoietic stem cells within the bone marrow niche. This research has implications for enhancing the efficiency of stem cell transplantation and understanding the mechanisms governing stem cell niches.