Acyclovir (CAS 59277-89-3)

Acyclovir, a synthetic nucleoside analogue, primarily functions by inhibiting viral DNA synthesis, showcasing a unique mechanism of action that has been extensively utilized in virological research. Its molecular structure mimics that of guanine nucleosides, allowing it to be selectively incorporated into viral DNA by viral DNA polymerase. Upon integration, acyclovir acts as a chain terminator. Unlike normal DNA replication, where the chain continues to elongate, the incorporation of acyclovir halts this process, effectively preventing the virus from replicating its genetic material. This specific interaction has made acyclovir a focal point in studies exploring the replication mechanisms of herpes simplex virus (HSV) and varicella-zoster virus (VZV), among others. Its ability to selectively target viral over host polymerases underscores its utility in research aimed at understanding viral pathogenesis and developing strategies for antiviral intervention. Through elucidating the dynamics of viral replication and the host′s cellular response, acyclovir has contributed significantly to the field of virology, offering insights that extend beyond its direct application, influencing the design and synthesis of future antiviral agents.