8-Hydroxyguanosine (CAS 3868-31-3)

8-Hydroxyguanosine (8-OHG) is an oxidized nucleoside of guanosine found across all living organisms, emerging as a result of RNA molecule oxidation by free radicals, leading to nucleic acid degradation. It stands as a critical marker in the study of oxidative stress and DNA damage, offering insights into the mechanisms underlying cellular damage caused by oxidative processes. This compound is widely used in research to explore the impact of oxidative stress on DNA, serving as an indicator of such damage. Its applications extend to studying the implications of oxidative stress in conditions like cancer and aging, as well as delving into gene expression, regulation, and DNA repair mechanisms. 8-Hydroxyguanosine forms through the interaction of guanosine with reactive oxygen species (ROS), which bond covalently at the guanosine′s 8-position, creating a marker resistant to enzymatic breakdown. This resistance makes 8-Hydroxyguanosine a reliable indicator of oxidative DNA damage. Its presence can affect the function of key enzymes and transcription factors involved in DNA replication and repair, including inhibiting the activities of DNA polymerase, ligase, glycosylases, and impacting transcription factors and topoisomerases, highlighting its role in understanding the complexities of cellular damage and repair pathways.