5-Chlorouracil (CAS 1820-81-1)

5-Chlorouracil is a halogenated derivative of uracil, where a chlorine atom replaces a hydrogen atom at the 5-position of the uracil ring. This structural modification significantly impacts the chemical and electronic properties of the molecule, making it an intriguing subject in the field of organic and biochemical research. The primary mechanism of action of 5-Chlorouracil involves its interaction with nucleic acids. Due to its similarity to uracil, 5-Chlorouracil can be incorporated into RNA instead of uracil. This substitution alters the stability and structure of RNA molecules, making it useful for studying RNA synthesis and function. The chlorine atom introduces steric and electronic effects that can change base pairing and disrupt normal biochemical processes. In the context of DNA, 5-Chlorouracil is utilized to study mutagenesis and the mechanisms by which mutations are introduced into the genetic code. Researchers use 5-Chlorouracil to understand the role of specific nucleotide modifications in gene expression regulation and genomic integrity maintenance. Its ability to pair with adenine leads to mutations during RNA transcription, providing insights into genetic mutations and their consequences. 5-Chlorouracil also serves as a tool in the development of antiviral agents. Its interference with nucleic acid synthesis makes it a candidate for targeting rapidly dividing cells, including virus-infected cells. By inhibiting RNA synthesis and affecting DNA replication, 5-Chlorouracil helps explain pathways involved in cell cycle regulation and apoptosis.