(1β,3α,5β)-1,3-Dihydroxy-cholan-24-oic acid (CAS 89238-74-4)

(1β,3α,5β)-1,3-Dihydroxy-cholan-24-oic acid plays a pivotal role in biochemical research, particularly in the study of cholesterol metabolism and bile acid homeostasis. This compound is a secondary bile acid found naturally in small quantities in human bile but more abundantly in certain animal biles. Its structure features hydroxy groups at the 1st, 3rd, and 5th positions of the steroid nucleus, contributing to its unique physicochemical properties, such as increased solubility in aqueous environments compared to other bile acids. In research applications, (1β,3α,5β)-1,3-Dihydroxy-cholan-24-oic acid is instrumental in elucidating the mechanisms of bile acid signaling pathways, including their interactions with nuclear receptors like the farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and G protein-coupled bile acid receptor 1 (GPBAR1, also known as TGR5). These pathways play critical roles in regulating lipid metabolism, energy homeostasis, and liver function. Additionally, the compound′s impact on the composition of the bile acid pool and its enterohepatic circulation offers insights into the physiological and pathological processes of the liver and gastrointestinal system.