Molecular structure of Gliotoxin, CAS Number: 67-99-2
Gliotoxin (CAS 67-99-2)
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Application:
Gliotoxin is a toxic epipolythiodioxopiperazine metabolite that induces apoptosis and inhibits NF-κB
CAS Number:
67-99-2
Purity:
≥97%
Molecular Weight:
326.39
Molecular Formula:
C13H14N2O4S2
Supplemental Information:
This is classified as a Dangerous Good for transport and may be subject to additional shipping charges.
For Research Use Only. Not Intended for Diagnostic or Therapeutic Use.
* Refer to Certificate of Analysis for lot specific data.
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SDS & Certificate of Analysis
Gliotoxin is an epipolythiodioxopiperazine metabolite. This agent displays a capacity to induce macrophagocytic, thymocytic, splenocytic, and mesenteric lymph node cell apoptosis and inhibit transcription factor NF-kappaB activation. Mechanistic studies suggest that this inhibition is done via a suppression of proteasome-mediated degradation of IkappaB-alpha. Additional research reports that Gliotoxin is capable of down-regulating inflammation and suppressing TNFalpha IL-1alpha and mRNA expression. Gliotoxin is an inhibitor of Farnesyl Transferase and GGTase. Gliotoxin is an inhibitor of 20S Proteasome. Gliotoxin exhibits inhibitory activities against histone H3K9 methyltransferase, a key enzyme in the regulation of transcriptional activity by writing epigenetic marks.
Gliotoxin (CAS 67-99-2) References
- The secondary fungal metabolite gliotoxin targets proteolytic activities of the proteasome. | Kroll, M., et al. 1999. Chem Biol. 6: 689-98. PMID: 10508680
- Nuclear factor-kappa B activity and intestinal inflammation in dextran sulphate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice is suppressed by gliotoxin. | Herfarth, H., et al. 2000. Clin Exp Immunol. 120: 59-65. PMID: 10759764
- Gliotoxin is a virulence factor of Aspergillus fumigatus: gliP deletion attenuates virulence in mice immunosuppressed with hydrocortisone. | Sugui, JA., et al. 2007. Eukaryot Cell. 6: 1562-9. PMID: 17601876
- What do we know about the role of gliotoxin in the pathobiology of Aspergillus fumigatus? | Kwon-Chung, KJ. and Sugui, JA. 2009. Med Mycol. 47 Suppl 1: S97-103. PMID: 18608908
- Biosynthesis and function of gliotoxin in Aspergillus fumigatus. | Scharf, DH., et al. 2012. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 93: 467-72. PMID: 22094977
- Gliotoxin Suppresses Macrophage Immune Function by Subverting Phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-Trisphosphate Homeostasis. | Schlam, D., et al. 2016. mBio. 7: e02242. PMID: 27048806
- Gliotoxin from Aspergillus fumigatus Abrogates Leukotriene B4 Formation through Inhibition of Leukotriene A4 Hydrolase. | König, S., et al. 2019. Cell Chem Biol. 26: 524-534.e5. PMID: 30745237
- Gliotoxin and bis(methylthio)gliotoxin are not reliable as biomarkers of invasive aspergillosis. | Mercier, T., et al. 2019. Mycoses. 62: 945-948. PMID: 31313395
- Gliotoxin Aggravates Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis by Triggering Neuroinflammation. | Fraga-Silva, TFC., et al. 2019. Toxins (Basel). 11: PMID: 31357414
- Regulation of gliotoxin biosynthesis and protection in Aspergillus species. | de Castro, PA., et al. 2022. PLoS Genet. 18: e1009965. PMID: 35041649
- Gliotoxin, an Immunosuppressive Fungal Metabolite, Primes Plant Immunity: Evidence from Trichoderma virens-Tomato Interaction. | Zaid, R., et al. 2022. mBio. 13: e0038922. PMID: 35862794
- Gliotoxin, a natural product with ferroptosis inducing properties. | Chen, H., et al. 2023. Bioorg Chem. 133: 106415. PMID: 36801787
- Gliotoxin and related metabolites as zinc chelators: implications and exploitation to overcome antimicrobial resistance. | Downes, SG., et al. 2023. Essays Biochem.. PMID: 36876884
- The immunosuppressive fungal metabolite gliotoxin specifically inhibits transcription factor NF-kappaB. | Pahl, HL., et al. 1996. J Exp Med. 183: 1829-40. PMID: 8666939
- NF-kappaB activation is a critical regulator of human granulocyte apoptosis in vitro. | Ward, C., et al. 1999. J Biol Chem. 274: 4309-18. PMID: 9933632
Inhibitor of:
20S Proteasome, 20S Proteasome α7, AMPKγ3, Cofilin 2, Farnesyl Transferase, GGTase, Rab 24, and Rab GTPase (RAB; RAS oncogene).Ordering Information
| Product Name | Catalog # | UNIT | Price | Qty | FAVORITES | |
Gliotoxin, 2 mg | sc-201299 | 2 mg | $134.00 | |||
Gliotoxin, 10 mg | sc-201299A | 10 mg | $394.00 |