1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 (Calcitriol) is a metabolite of the secosteroid vitamin D3. 1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 is a hormone that stimulates intestinal calcium transport at a much higher rate than vitamin D3 and hydroxy D3, and 1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 is considered to represent the biologically active form of vitamin D3. In addition to regulating the movement of calcium in the blood and bone, 1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 participates in developmental regulation and signaling. It stimulates an increase in protein kinase C levels with an effect on the regulation of c-myc transcription and activation of Raf kinase. 1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 is shown to increase the synthesis of prostacyclin with a correlated increase in cyclooxygenase activity, indicating a further role in vascular regulation. 1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 (Calcitriol) is an activator of PKC and VDR. 1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 has a widespread effect on cellular differentiation and proliferation, central nervous system function and can modulate immune responsiveness.
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