RGR Activators
The chemical class known as RGR Activators encompasses a range of compounds that interact with the retinal G protein-coupled receptor (RGR), influencing its activity and the associated phototransduction and visual cycle pathways. All-trans-retinal and 9-cis-retinal are primary activators of RGR, directly binding to the receptor and triggering its isomerase activity, a pivotal function in the regeneration of 11-cis-retinal for photoreceptor recovery and the maintenance of visual function. Retinoic acid, while not a direct activator, modulates gene expression in retinal cells, thus impacting the synthesis of proteins that associate with RGR. Taurine, zinc sulfate, and vitamin A have indirect roles in maintaining the retinal environment and metabolic pathways, ensuring the availability of chromophores and cofactors that are essential for RGR's operation.
Furthermore, docosahexaenoic acid and phosphatidylethanolamine contribute to the optimal membrane milieu necessary for RGR activity by affecting membrane fluidity and structure, critical factors for the function of photoreceptor cells. GTP and magnesium chloride are fundamental to the G protein signaling cascades linked with RGR, serving as a substrate and a cofactor, respectively, for GTPase enzymes. Sodium iodide indirectly affects RGR through its influence on thyroid hormone levels, which oversee gene expression patterns in the retina. Lastly, ascorbic acid helps to maintain the redox state within retinal cells, preserving components like retinal that are vital for the activation of RGR.
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| Product Name | CAS # | Catalog # | QUANTITY | Price | Citations | RATING |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
all-trans Retinal | 116-31-4 | sc-210778A sc-210778 | 250 mg 1 g | $129.00 $379.00 | 7 | |
A chromophore that binds to RGR, causing its conformational change and subsequent activation. RGR is known to act as a photoisomerase, converting all-trans-retinal back to 11-cis-retinal, an essential step in the visual cycle. | ||||||
9-cis Retinal | 514-85-2 | sc-207217 | 10 mg | $413.00 | 2 | |
Acts similarly to all-trans-retinal, serving as an agonist for RGR to initiate the isomerization process integral to the visual cycle. | ||||||
Taurine | 107-35-7 | sc-202354 sc-202354A | 25 g 500 g | $48.00 $102.00 | 1 | |
Serves as a neuromodulator and antioxidant in retinal cells, influencing cellular processes that could indirectly enhance RGR's activity within the retinal environment. | ||||||
Zinc | 7440-66-6 | sc-213177 | 100 g | $48.00 | ||
Provides zinc ions, essential cofactors for retinal dehydrogenases which are involved in the conversion of retinol to retinal, indirectly influencing RGR activity. | ||||||
Vitamin A | 68-26-8 | sc-280187 sc-280187A | 1 g 10 g | $385.00 $2654.00 | ||
As the precursor to retinal, it's involved in the biosynthesis of the chromophore that RGR interacts with, and its presence is necessary for the optimal function of RGR in the visual cycle. | ||||||
Docosa-4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z-hexaenoic Acid (22:6, n-3) | 6217-54-5 | sc-200768 sc-200768A sc-200768B sc-200768C sc-200768D | 100 mg 1 g 10 g 50 g 100 g | $94.00 $210.00 $1779.00 $8021.00 $16657.00 | 11 | |
A major fatty acid in the retina that can influence membrane fluidity, potentially affecting the conformation and activity of membrane proteins including RGR. | ||||||
L-α-Lecithin, Egg Yolk, Highly Purified | 8002-43-5 | sc-203096 | 250 mg | $135.00 | ||
A phospholipid that can affect membrane curvature and fluidity, possibly facilitating the activity of RGR through changes in the microenvironment of the photoreceptor cells. | ||||||
Guanosine 5′-Triphosphate, Disodium Salt | 56001-37-7 | sc-295030 sc-295030A | 50 mg 250 mg | $166.00 $327.00 | ||
Serves as a substrate for the G protein coupled with RGR, essential for its activation and the resulting signal transduction processes. | ||||||
Magnesium chloride | 7786-30-3 | sc-255260C sc-255260B sc-255260 sc-255260A | 10 g 25 g 100 g 500 g | $28.00 $35.00 $48.00 $125.00 | 2 | |
Provides magnesium ions that are essential cofactors for many enzymes, including GTPases that might interact with RGR, facilitating its proper function. | ||||||
Sodium iodide | 7681-82-5 | sc-203388 sc-203388A sc-203388B | 100 g 500 g 2.5 kg | $67.00 $150.00 $551.00 | ||
Iodide ions can influence thyroid hormones that regulate gene expression and metabolic activity in retinal cells, potentially affecting RGR's function. | ||||||