dHAND Activateurs

Les activateurs dHAND courants comprennent, entre autres, la forskoline CAS 66575-29-9, le Dibutyryl-cAMP CAS 16980-89-5, le chlorhydrate d'isoprotérénol CAS 51-30-9, la (-)-épinéphrine CAS 51-43-4 et la PGE1 (prostaglandine E1) CAS 745-65-3.

Chemicals identified as dHAND activators provide insight into the signaling pathways that contribute to dHAND activation during cardiac development. Forskolin, Dibutyryl cAMP, isoproterenol, epinephrine, prostaglandin E1 (PGE1), norepinephrine, Iloprost, terbutaline, salbutamol, cilostazol, milrinone and BRL 37344 collectively highlight the importance of cAMP-mediated signaling in promoting dHAND activation. Forskolin, a direct stimulator of adenylyl cyclase, triggers a cascade leading to an increase in cAMP levels. This activates PKA, which modulates downstream effectors, ultimately influencing dHAND expression and function. Similarly, Dibutyryl cAMP, a cell-permeable cAMP analogue, directly increases intracellular cAMP levels, promoting dHAND activation by bypassing adenylyl cyclase activation.

Isoproterenol, epinephrine, prostaglandin E1 (PGE1), norepinephrine, iloprost, terbutaline, salbutamol, cilostazol, milrinone and BRL 37344, all of which act via β-adrenergic receptors or phosphodiesterase inhibition, increase cAMP levels, leading to activation of PKA and subsequent modulation of dHAND. This underscores the role of sympathetic signaling and phosphodiesterase activity in dHAND activation during cardiac development. The collective action of these chemicals provides an overview of the cAMP-mediated signaling pathways that play a crucial role in promoting dHAND activation. Understanding these mechanisms is essential to elucidate the complexities of cardiac development, offering avenues for research into cardiac malformations and associated pathologies.