Catapol (CAS 2415-24-9)

Catapol, a naturally occurring chemical compound, has garnered significant attention in scientific research due to its diverse pharmacological properties and applications. Primarily derived from the plant Catapodium rigidum (L.) C.E. Hubb., Catapol belongs to the class of iridoid glycosides, characterized by a cyclopentan[b]pyran ring system. Research suggests that Catapol exerts its effects through multiple mechanisms, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective actions. Studies have demonstrated Catapol′s ability to scavenge free radicals and inhibit oxidative stress-induced damage, thereby protecting cells and tissues from oxidative injury. Furthermore, Catapol exhibits anti-inflammatory activity by modulating various pro-inflammatory mediators and signaling pathways, such as nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), leading to the attenuation of inflammatory responses. Additionally, Catapol has been investigated for its neuroprotective effects against neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer′s disease and Parkinson′s disease. Studies have shown that Catapol can enhance neuronal survival, promote neurite outgrowth, and mitigate neuronal apoptosis, suggesting its potential as an agent for neuroprotection. Furthermore, Catapol has been explored for its antimicrobial, antiviral, and antitumor activities, highlighting its broad spectrum of biological effects and its promise as a valuable tool in biomedical research. Ongoing research continues to explain the molecular mechanisms underlying Catapol′s pharmacological actions and to explore its potential applications in various disease contexts.