ZP3 Activators

The ZP3 Activators are a group of chemicals that enhance the functional activity of ZP3 primarily through estrogen receptor activation. These activators, which include both steroidal hormones such as estradiol and progesterone, and plant-derived phytoestrogens such as genistein and daidzein, can increase the expression of ZP3. The enhanced expression is an outcome of the regulatory role that estrogen signaling plays in the transcription of zona pellucida genes, including ZP3.

Moreover, synthetic and naturally occurring compounds that mimic estrogen, such as diethylstilbestrol and bisphenol A, and compounds with estrogenic activity, like resveratrol and zearalenone, can enhance ZP3 expression via the same mechanism. Other chemicals, such as the isoflavandiol equol and the isoflavone formononetin, also bind to and activate the estrogen receptor, subsequently enhancing ZP3 expression. Therefore, all these chemicals can enhance the functional activity of ZP3 by influencing the estrogen signaling pathway, which directly controls the expression of ZP3.