Selenoprotein R Activators
Selenoprotein R activators encompass a diverse set of chemical compounds that contribute to the enhancement of MSRB1's enzymatic activity, primarily through their influence on the cellular redox environment and selenium bioavailability. Selenium itself is fundamental to the functionality of Selenoprotein R, as it forms an integral part of the protein's active site, thus directly contributing to its ability to catalyze the reduction of oxidized methionine residues in proteins. Methylseleninic acid supports this process by increasingthe pool of bioavailable selenium, which is necessary for the proper structural and catalytic performance of MSRB1. N-Acetylcysteine and alpha-lipoic acid bolster the antioxidant capacity of the cell by enhancing glutathione levels and regeneration, respectively, thus indirectly promoting the antioxidative role of Selenoprotein R. The availability of glutathione is crucial, as it maintains the redox state that Selenoprotein R requires to function optimally, which is further supported by Vitamin E and ascorbic acid, both of which preserve cellular integrity from oxidative damage and contribute to the recycling of antioxidants.
The application of low concentrations of hydrogen peroxide as a signaling molecule can stimulate the antioxidant response, potentially increasing the activity of Selenoprotein R as part of an adaptive response to mild oxidative stress. The provision of methionine, the substrate for MSRB1's reductase activity, ensures that there is no shortage of targets for the enzyme's action, thereby enabling the enzyme to operate at full capacity. Riboflavin is indirectly involved by serving as a precursor to flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), which is a cofactor for many redox reactions within the cell, including those mediated by MSRB1. Ebselen and copper(II) sulfate also play a role; the former by mimicking glutathione peroxidase activity, thus reducing oxidative stress and competition for substrates, and the latter by stimulating the cellular antioxidant defenses in a manner that may lead to a higher demand for MSRB1's enzymatic activity.
SEE ALSO...
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| Product Name | CAS # | Catalog # | QUANTITY | Price | Citations | RATING |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Selenium | 7782-49-2 | sc-250973 | 50 g | $62.00 | 1 | |
Selenium is an essential trace element that is incorporated into selenoproteins. It directly enhances the activity of Selenoprotein R by being a constituent of its active site, thus being crucial for its proper function in reducing oxidized methionine residues in proteins. | ||||||
N-Acetyl-L-cysteine | 616-91-1 | sc-202232 sc-202232A sc-202232C sc-202232B | 5 g 25 g 1 kg 100 g | $34.00 $74.00 $270.00 $114.00 | 34 | |
This compound acts as a precursor to glutathione, which in turn maintains the redox state within the cell. Elevated glutathione levels can reduce oxidative stress, indirectly enhancing the activity of Selenoprotein R by providing a more favorable environment for its redox reactions. | ||||||
α-Lipoic Acid | 1077-28-7 | sc-202032 sc-202032A sc-202032B sc-202032C sc-202032D | 5 g 10 g 250 g 500 g 1 kg | $69.00 $122.00 $212.00 $380.00 $716.00 | 3 | |
Alpha-lipoic acid is a coenzyme involved in mitochondrial bioenergetics but also acts as an antioxidant. It indirectly supports Selenoprotein R activity by regenerating antioxidants like glutathione, thus maintaining a cellular environment conducive to MSRB1 activity. | ||||||
Hydrogen Peroxide | 7722-84-1 | sc-203336 sc-203336A sc-203336B | 100 ml 500 ml 3.8 L | $31.00 $61.00 $95.00 | 28 | |
While hydrogen peroxide is an oxidizing agent, at low concentrations, it can serve as a signaling molecule. It can induce mild oxidative stress, which could increase the demand for and activity of antioxidative proteins like Selenoprotein R, enhancing its functional role in cells. | ||||||
Ebselen | 60940-34-3 | sc-200740B sc-200740 sc-200740A | 1 mg 25 mg 100 mg | $33.00 $136.00 $458.00 | 5 | |
Ebselen is a selenium-containing compound that mimics glutathione peroxidase. It can indirectly enhance Selenoprotein R by reducing oxidative stress in the cell, thereby lowering the competition for substrates and cofactors required by MSRB1. | ||||||
Glutathione, reduced | 70-18-8 | sc-29094 sc-29094A | 10 g 1 kg | $82.00 $2091.00 | 8 | |
Glutathione is a tripeptide that serves as a major antioxidant. Its presence in the cell supports the redox cycle that Selenoprotein R is part of. Enhanced levels of glutathione could therefore indirectly enhance the activity of Selenoprotein R by maintaining redox balance. | ||||||
(+)-α-Tocopherol | 59-02-9 | sc-214454 sc-214454A sc-214454B sc-214454C | 10 g 25 g 100 g 1 kg | $43.00 $62.00 $141.00 $430.00 | ||
Vitamin E refers to a group of compounds that include tocopherols and tocotrienols, known for their antioxidant properties. They can indirectly support Selenoprotein R activity by protecting cellular components from oxidative damage, thus preserving MSRB1 function. | ||||||
L-Ascorbic acid, free acid | 50-81-7 | sc-202686 | 100 g | $46.00 | 5 | |
Ascorbic acid, or vitamin C, is a potent antioxidant that can regenerate other antioxidants like Vitamin E. Its presence can indirectly enhance Selenoprotein R activity by reducing oxidative stress and preserving the redox state that is favorable for MSRB1 activity. | ||||||
L-Methionine | 63-68-3 | sc-394076 sc-394076A sc-394076B sc-394076C sc-394076D sc-394076E | 25 g 100 g 250 g 1 kg 5 kg 10 kg | $34.00 $37.00 $57.00 $151.00 $577.00 $1103.00 | ||
Methionine is an amino acid that can be oxidized to methionine sulfoxide. Selenoprotein R reduces methionine sulfoxide back to methionine. Providing an excess of methionine could enhance the activity of Selenoprotein R by increasing its substrate availability. | ||||||
Riboflavin | 83-88-5 | sc-205906 sc-205906A sc-205906B | 25 g 100 g 1 kg | $41.00 $112.00 $525.00 | 3 | |
Riboflavin, or vitamin B2, is a precursor to FAD, which is a cofactor for many redox reactions in the cell. Its presence can indirectly enhance Selenoprotein R by facilitating the redox reactions in which MSRB1 participates. | ||||||