Salmonella (Enterobacterales) 억제제

Salmonella bacteria, upon entering the human body, typically target the intestinal tract, leading to infections like salmonellosis. They invade and replicate within the host's cells, primarily macrophages, by using specialized structures called Type III secretion systems. These systems inject bacterial proteins into host cells, manipulating their pathways to allow bacterial survival and replication. Effector Proteins: Some well-known effector proteins secreted by the Salmonella Type III secretion system include: SipA, SipB, SipC, SipD: Involved in the invasion of host cells. SopB, SopD, SopE, SopE2: Modulate host cell signaling and cytoskeletal rearrangements. AvrA: Inhibits host inflammatory responses. Structural Proteins: FliC: A major component of the flagellum, esponsible for motility. MreB and FtsZ: Involved in maintaining cell shape and division. Nutrient Acquisition Proteins: SitABCD: A metal transporter system, particularly for iron and manganese. SefA: Involved in the uptake of selenocompounds. Stress Response Proteins: RpoS (sigma factor): A key regulator of the general stress response. OsmC and OsmY: Proteins that help in osmotic stress tolerance. Antimicrobial Resistance Proteins: AcrAB-TolC: An efflux pump complex that contributes to resistance against various antibiotics. Beta-lactamases: Enzymes that confer resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics. Regulatory Proteins: HilA: A regulator controlling the expression of genes associated with invasion. PhoP/PhoQ: A two-component system regulating responses to magnesium limitation, pH, and antimicrobial peptides. The bacteria's ability to resist harsh conditions, like stomach acid and immune defenses, makes it a potent pathogen.

Targeting Salmonella for disruption or inhibition involves several strategies. Another approach involves identifying and inhibiting key bacterial proteins essential for their survival and replication, thereby stopping the infection from progressing. Nutritional interventions and maintaining gut health are also viewed as proactive steps, as a robust gut microbiome can withstand Salmonella colonization.