Ros Activators

The class of ROS activators comprises a diverse range of chemicals that exert their effects through distinct mechanisms, contributing to the activation of cellular defenses against reactive oxygen species (ROS). Quercetin, a flavonoid, activates the Nrf2-antioxidant response element (ARE) pathway, enhancing the expression of antioxidant enzymes. This indirect method promotes an enhanced cellular antioxidant capacity, showcasing Quercetin as a modulator of antioxidant pathways. Resveratrol, known for its presence in red wine, activates SIRT1, a deacetylase involved in cellular stress responses. By activating SIRT1, Resveratrol indirectly enhances cellular stress resistance, contributing to the activation of defenses against ROS. Lycopene, a carotenoid found in tomatoes, directly scavenges free radicals, including ROS, highlighting its role as a direct activator of cellular antioxidant defenses. Alpha-lipoic acid activates the Nrf2-ARE pathway, similar to Quercetin, contributing to the upregulation of antioxidant enzymes and enhancing the cellular antioxidant capacity. Naringenin and EGCG, compounds found in citrus fruits and green tea, respectively, also activate the Nrf2-ARE pathway, emphasizing the importance of this pathway in cellular responses to oxidative stress.

Melatonin, a hormone involved in circadian rhythms, directly scavenges various free radicals, including ROS, acting as a direct activator of cellular antioxidant defenses. Curcumin, found in turmeric, activates the Nrf2-ARE pathway, modulating cellular antioxidant pathways and enhancing defenses against ROS. Astaxanthin, a potent antioxidant found in algae and seafood, directly scavenges ROS, contributing to the direct activation of cellular antioxidant defenses. Carnosic acid, present in rosemary, activates the Nrf2-ARE pathway, similar to Quercetin and Alpha-lipoic acid, enhancing the expression of antioxidant enzymes. Selenium, an essential trace element, directly contributes to the activation of cellular defenses against ROS by being a crucial component of antioxidant enzymes. Trolox, a water-soluble analog of vitamin E, acts as a direct activator by scavenging various free radicals, including ROS.