NMS Activators
Chemical activators of NMS can initiate a series of intracellular events leading to its activation through phosphorylation. Forskolin, by activating adenylyl cyclase, elevates cAMP levels within the cell. This rise in cAMP leads to the activation of protein kinase A (PKA), which then can phosphorylate NMS, altering its activity state. Similarly, dibutyryl cAMP, a cAMP analog, directly stimulates PKA, which in turn can target NMS for phosphorylation. Ionomycin, by increasing the intracellular calcium concentration, activates calcium-dependent protein kinases, such as CaMKII, that can also phosphorylate and activate NMS. The calcium-binding protein calmodulin, once associated with calcium, can activate kinases including CaMKII, further supporting the phosphorylation of NMS. Thapsigargin contributes to this cascade by inhibiting the SERCA pump, thereby elevating cytosolic calcium levels and potentially leading to the activation of these same calcium-dependent kinases.
Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) directly stimulates protein kinase C (PKC) which is known to phosphorylate serine and threonine residues on target proteins including NMS. Okadaic Acid, by inhibiting protein phosphatases 1 and 2A, prevents the dephosphorylation of NMS, ensuring that the phosphorylation state and thus the activity of NMS is maintained. Anisomycin activates MAP kinase pathways, leading to the phosphorylation of a variety of proteins, with NMS being among the potential targets. Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) activates the MAPK/ERK pathway, which includes a cascade of kinases capable of phosphorylating NMS. Inhibition of certain kinases can also indirectly lead to the activation of NMS. Both Bisindolylmaleimide I, a PKC inhibitor, and SB 203580, a p38 MAP kinase inhibitor, can result in the compensatory activation of other kinases within the cell, which can lead to the phosphorylation and consequent activation of NMS. In sum, multiple signaling pathways can converge on the phosphorylation and activation of NMS, mediated by a diverse array of chemical activators.
| Product Name | CAS # | Catalog # | QUANTITY | Price | Citations | RATING |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ionomycin | 56092-82-1 | sc-3592 sc-3592A | 1 mg 5 mg | $78.00 $270.00 | 80 | |
Ionomycin acts as a calcium ionophore, increasing intracellular calcium levels, which can activate calcium-dependent protein kinases, like CaMKII. These kinases can phosphorylate and activate NMS by modifying its conformation or interaction with other cellular components. | ||||||
PMA | 16561-29-8 | sc-3576 sc-3576A sc-3576B sc-3576C sc-3576D | 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg 100 mg | $41.00 $132.00 $214.00 $500.00 $948.00 | 119 | |
PMA directly activates protein kinase C (PKC), which phosphorylates serine and threonine residues on many target proteins. PKC activation can lead to the phosphorylation and activation of NMS as part of signal transduction pathways. | ||||||
Okadaic Acid | 78111-17-8 | sc-3513 sc-3513A sc-3513B | 25 µg 100 µg 1 mg | $291.00 $530.00 $1800.00 | 78 | |
Okadaic Acid inhibits protein phosphatases 1 and 2A, leading to increased phosphorylation levels of proteins by preventing dephosphorylation. This can result in the sustained activation of proteins like NMS due to the phosphorylation by kinases not being counteracted. | ||||||
Anisomycin | 22862-76-6 | sc-3524 sc-3524A | 5 mg 50 mg | $99.00 $259.00 | 36 | |
Anisomycin activates MAP kinase signaling pathways, which often result in the activation of proteins through phosphorylation. NMS could be activated as a result of anisomycin-induced MAP kinase pathway activation and subsequent protein phosphorylation. | ||||||
Bisindolylmaleimide I (GF 109203X) | 133052-90-1 | sc-24003A sc-24003 | 1 mg 5 mg | $105.00 $242.00 | 36 | |
Bisindolylmaleimide I is a selective PKC inhibitor; however, inhibition of PKC can lead to compensatory activation of other kinases within the cell. These kinases may then phosphorylate and activate NMS as a result of altered cellular signaling dynamics. | ||||||
SB 203580 | 152121-47-6 | sc-3533 sc-3533A | 1 mg 5 mg | $90.00 $349.00 | 284 | |
SB 203580 is an inhibitor of p38 MAP kinase, but inhibition of one kinase can lead to the activation of others as part of a feedback mechanism. These other kinases then may phosphorylate and activate NMS as part of their signaling activities. | ||||||
Calmodulin (human), (recombinant) | 73298-54-1 | sc-471287 | 1 mg | $300.00 | ||
Calmodulin, once bound to calcium, can activate various kinases including CaMKII. CaMKII then can phosphorylate and activate NMS through signaling pathways that respond to changes in calcium levels. | ||||||
Thapsigargin | 67526-95-8 | sc-24017 sc-24017A | 1 mg 5 mg | $136.00 $446.00 | 114 | |
Thapsigargin inhibits the SERCA pump, causing an increase in cytosolic calcium levels which may activate calcium-dependent kinases. These kinases, in turn, can phosphorylate and lead to the activation of NMS. | ||||||
Dibutyryl-cAMP | 16980-89-5 | sc-201567 sc-201567A sc-201567B sc-201567C | 20 mg 100 mg 500 mg 10 g | $47.00 $136.00 $492.00 $4552.00 | 74 | |
Dibutyryl cAMP is a membrane-permeable cAMP analog that directly activates PKA. PKA can then phosphorylate numerous substrates including NMS, leading to its activation as part of cAMP-dependent signaling pathways. | ||||||
H-89 dihydrochloride | 130964-39-5 | sc-3537 sc-3537A | 1 mg 10 mg | $94.00 $186.00 | 71 | |
H-89 is a PKA inhibitor; however, its action can result in compensatory cellular responses that activate other kinases. These kinases may then phosphorylate and activate NMS as part of the cellular adjustment to inhibited PKA activity. | ||||||