MR1 Activators
MR1 activators are a specialized category of chemical compounds that modulate the function of MHC class I-related gene protein (MR1). MR1 is a non-polymorphic MHC class I-like molecule that presents metabolite antigens to mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells. Unlike classic MHC class I molecules that present peptide antigens, MR1 is unique in its ability to bind and present small molecule metabolites found in the vitamin B synthesis pathways of various bacteria and fungi to MAIT cells, thus playing a pivotal role in the immune system's recognition of microbial infections.
Activators of MR1 can work through direct or indirect mechanisms to enhance the presentation of antigenic metabolites. Direct activators might bind to MR1 and induce a conformational change that increases its affinity for antigenic metabolites or stabilizes MR1 on the cell surface, promoting its interaction with MAIT cells. Such activators could mimic the naturally occurring metabolites, binding in the antigen-binding cleft of MR1 and acting as superagonists to robustly stimulate MAIT cells. Indirect activators might increase the expression levels of MR1, enhance the processing and loading of antigenic metabolites, or impede the internalization and degradation of MR1, thereby prolonging its presence on the cell surface. These activators could function through various cellular pathways, such as upregulating transcription factors that enhance MR1 gene expression or inhibiting enzymes that degrade vitamin B metabolites, thereby increasing the pool of antigenic compounds available for presentation.
| Product Name | CAS # | Catalog # | QUANTITY | Price | Citations | RATING |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
MG-132 [Z-Leu- Leu-Leu-CHO] | 133407-82-6 | sc-201270 sc-201270A sc-201270B | 5 mg 25 mg 100 mg | $60.00 $265.00 $1000.00 | 163 | |
MG-132 is a proteasome inhibitor that prevents the degradation of ubiquitinated proteins. Inhibiting the proteasome can lead to an increase in antigen presentation by MHC class I molecules, potentially affecting MR1 expression and function. | ||||||
Tunicamycin | 11089-65-9 | sc-3506A sc-3506 | 5 mg 10 mg | $172.00 $305.00 | 66 | |
Tunicamycin is an antibiotic that inhibits N-linked glycosylation, leading to ER stress and UPR activation. This can potentially increase the expression and presentation of MR1. | ||||||
A23187 | 52665-69-7 | sc-3591 sc-3591B sc-3591A sc-3591C | 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg | $55.00 $131.00 $203.00 $317.00 | 23 | |
A23187 is a mobile ion carrier that forms a complex with divalent cations, especially calcium ions. It disrupts calcium ion homeostasis, potentially leading to cellular stress responses that might affect MR1 expression and function. | ||||||
Forskolin | 66575-29-9 | sc-3562 sc-3562A sc-3562B sc-3562C sc-3562D | 5 mg 50 mg 1 g 2 g 5 g | $78.00 $153.00 $740.00 $1413.00 $2091.00 | 73 | |
Forskolin is a labdane diterpene that activates adenylate cyclase, increasing levels of cyclic AMP (cAMP). Elevated cAMP can influence various cellular processes, potentially affecting MR1 expression and function. | ||||||
Ionomycin, free acid | 56092-81-0 | sc-263405 sc-263405A | 1 mg 5 mg | $96.00 $264.00 | 2 | |
Ionomycin is a calcium ionophore that increases intracellular calcium levels. Changes in calcium homeostasis can lead to various cellular responses, potentially affecting MR1 expression and function. | ||||||
Oxaliplatin | 61825-94-3 | sc-202270 sc-202270A | 5 mg 25 mg | $112.00 $394.00 | 8 | |
Oxaliplatin is a platinum-based antineoplastic agent that forms intra- and inter-strand DNA crosslinks, leading to DNA damage response and potentially affecting MR1 expression and function. | ||||||
Cisplatin | 15663-27-1 | sc-200896 sc-200896A | 100 mg 500 mg | $138.00 $380.00 | 101 | |
Cisplatin, like Oxaliplatin, is a platinum-based antineoplastic agent that forms intra- and inter-strand DNA crosslinks. This can lead to DNA damage response, which may affect MR1 expression and function. | ||||||
Arsenic(III) oxide | 1327-53-3 | sc-210837 sc-210837A | 250 g 1 kg | $89.00 $228.00 | ||
Arsenic trioxide induces oxidative stress and disrupts mitochondrial function. This can lead to various cellular responses, potentially affecting MR1 expression and function. | ||||||