LSm12 Activators
Chemical activators of LSm12 can be categorized based on the specific pathways and mechanisms through which they operate to achieve protein activation. Calcium Ionophore A23187 and Ionomycin function as calcium ionophores, increasing intracellular calcium levels, which in turn can activate calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases (CaMKs). These kinases, upon activation, could phosphorylate LSm12 or associated regulatory proteins, leading to the functional activation of LSm12. Similarly, Thapsigargin, by inhibiting the SERCA pump, leads to increased cytosolic calcium, providing another route for the activation of calcium-dependent pathways that may involve LSm12.
Other chemicals operate by modulating kinase activity directly. Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and Bryostatin 1 are known activators of protein kinase C (PKC). PKC, once activated, may phosphorylate LSm12 or influence its activity through phosphorylation of proteins within the same complex or signaling cascade. Forskolin and 8-Bromo-cAMP, by elevating cAMP levels, activate protein kinase A (PKA), which could phosphorylate LSm12 or modulate its activity if PKA phosphorylation sites exist on the protein or within its regulatory complex. Okadaic Acid, by inhibiting phosphatases, could prevent the dephosphorylation of LSm12, sustaining its active state if its activity is regulated by phosphorylation. Bisindolylmaleimide I, although a PKC inhibitor, may lead to altered regulation of PKC substrates and compensatory mechanisms that can result in the activation of LSm12. Similarly, calmodulin antagonists like W-7 and inhibitors of CaMKII such as KN-62 can induce compensatory responses that might lead to the activation of pathways involving LSm12. Lastly, Cyclosporin A inhibits calcineurin, potentially resulting in increased phosphorylation and activation of proteins that are regulated by this phosphatase, including possibly LSm12 if it is subject to regulation by calcineurin-dependent dephosphorylation. Through these diverse mechanisms, each chemical can contribute to the activation of LSm12 by influencing the phosphorylation state or the signaling environment of the protein.
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| Product Name | CAS # | Catalog # | QUANTITY | Price | Citations | RATING |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A23187 | 52665-69-7 | sc-3591 sc-3591B sc-3591A sc-3591C | 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg | $54.00 $128.00 $199.00 $311.00 | 23 | |
By increasing intracellular calcium levels, A23187 can activate calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases (CaMKs). If LSm12's function is influenced by CaMKs through phosphorylation or another regulatory mechanism, this ionophore can lead to the activation of LSm12. | ||||||
W-7 | 61714-27-0 | sc-201501 sc-201501A sc-201501B | 50 mg 100 mg 1 g | $163.00 $300.00 $1642.00 | 18 | |
W-7 inhibits calmodulin, potentially leading to compensatory mechanisms that elevate CaMK activity to overcome the inhibition. If CaMKs are involved in activating LSm12, W-7 could paradoxically lead to its activation through such feedback mechanisms. | ||||||
PMA | 16561-29-8 | sc-3576 sc-3576A sc-3576B sc-3576C sc-3576D | 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg 100 mg | $40.00 $129.00 $210.00 $490.00 $929.00 | 119 | |
PMA activates PKC, which may phosphorylate LSm12 or associated regulatory proteins, leading to LSm12 activation if it is regulated by PKC-mediated phosphorylation. | ||||||
Forskolin | 66575-29-9 | sc-3562 sc-3562A sc-3562B sc-3562C sc-3562D | 5 mg 50 mg 1 g 2 g 5 g | $76.00 $150.00 $725.00 $1385.00 $2050.00 | 73 | |
By increasing cAMP levels, forskolin activates PKA. If LSm12 is activated via phosphorylation by PKA or if PKA influences the protein complex that includes LSm12, forskolin can lead to the activation of LSm12. | ||||||
Ionomycin | 56092-82-1 | sc-3592 sc-3592A | 1 mg 5 mg | $76.00 $265.00 | 80 | |
Ionomycin acts as a calcium ionophore similar to A23187, raising intracellular calcium levels and potentially activating calcium-dependent pathways that could lead to the activation of LSm12. | ||||||
Okadaic Acid | 78111-17-8 | sc-3513 sc-3513A sc-3513B | 25 µg 100 µg 1 mg | $285.00 $520.00 $1300.00 | 78 | |
Okadaic Acid is a phosphatase inhibitor that prevents dephosphorylation of proteins. If LSm12 activation is dependent on its phosphorylation state, okadaic acid can sustain its active form. | ||||||
Bryostatin 1 | 83314-01-6 | sc-201407 | 10 µg | $240.00 | 9 | |
Bryostatin 1 is a PKC activator like PMA, and could lead to the activation of LSm12 through phosphorylation by PKC or through secondary effects on the signaling pathways involving PKC that LSm12 is a part of. | ||||||
8-Bromo-cAMP | 76939-46-3 | sc-201564 sc-201564A | 10 mg 50 mg | $97.00 $224.00 | 30 | |
8-Bromo-cAMP is a cAMP analog that activates PKA, leading to phosphorylation of target proteins. If LSm12 activation is regulated by PKA, this compound can lead to its activation. | ||||||
KN-62 | 127191-97-3 | sc-3560 | 1 mg | $133.00 | 20 | |
KN-62 is an inhibitor of CaMKII. Similar to W-7, inhibition of CaMKII can lead to compensatory mechanisms that may activate LSm12 if it is influenced by CaMKII activity or associated regulatory mechanisms. | ||||||
Cyclosporin A | 59865-13-3 | sc-3503 sc-3503-CW sc-3503A sc-3503B sc-3503C sc-3503D | 100 mg 100 mg 500 mg 10 g 25 g 100 g | $62.00 $90.00 $299.00 $475.00 $1015.00 $2099.00 | 69 | |
Cyclosporin A inhibits calcineurin, a calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase. Inhibition of calcineurin can lead to increased activity of proteins regulated by phosphorylation. If LSm12 is activated by phosphorylation that calcineurin would otherwise reverse, cyclosporin A can lead to the activation of LSm12. | ||||||