IL-18BP Activators

IL-18BP, or interleukin-18 binding protein, is a naturally occurring inhibitor of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-18 (IL-18). This protein plays a crucial role in modulating the immune response by binding to IL-18, thereby preventing its interaction with the IL-18 receptor and subsequent activation of inflammatory pathways. The action of IL-18BP is pivotal in maintaining the balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory signals within the body, ensuring that immune responses are appropriately regulated to protect the host while minimizing potential damage to tissues from excessive inflammation. The function of IL-18BP is particularly important in conditions characterized by chronic inflammation, where its ability to neutralize IL-18 can help to prevent tissue damage and the progression of inflammatory diseases. By inhibiting the activity of IL-18, IL-18BP contributes to the control of cytokine release syndrome and the modulation of immune responses against infections, autoimmunity, and other pathological conditions.

The activation of IL-18BP, in terms of its expression and functional upregulation, is primarily regulated at the genetic level, influenced by various signaling molecules and transcription factors responsive to inflammatory signals and immune activation. Key regulators include interferons (IFNs), particularly IFN-γ, which can significantly upregulate the expression of IL-18BP. This upregulation serves as a feedback mechanism to control the effects of IL-18, especially during Th1-type immune responses where IFN-γ and IL-18 are prominently produced. The synthesis and release of IL-18BP are thus tightly integrated with the immune response, ensuring a timely counteraction against excessive IL-18-mediated activities. Furthermore, other cytokines and growth factors can modulate the expression of IL-18BP, adapting its levels to the current immunological context and maintaining homeostasis.