HRF Inhibitors

HRF inhibitors encompass a diverse array of compounds that act either directly or indirectly to modulate HRF expression by targeting specific signaling pathways or cellular processes crucial for its regulation. These inhibitors predominantly focus on modulating the NF-κB signaling pathway, a key regulatory pathway for HRF. TPCA-1 and BAY 11-7082 inhibit HRF indirectly by suppressing NF-κB activation. TPCA-1 targets IKK, an upstream kinase of NF-κB, while BAY 11-7082 impedes IKK activity, both leading to decreased NF-κB-mediated transcriptional regulation of HRF. Parthenolide and JSH-23 target NF-κB nuclear translocation, indirectly affecting HRF expression. Parthenolide inhibits the nuclear translocation of NF-κB, a transcription factor regulating HRF, while JSH-23 prevents NF-κB from entering the nucleus. Bay 11-7085 and Celastrol inhibit NF-κB activation, thereby modulating HRF expression. Bay 11-7085 hinders the nuclear translocation of NF-κB, and Celastrol impedes the nuclear translocation of NF-κB.

IMD-0354 and Bortezomib target IKKβ and the proteasome, respectively, affecting NF-κB signaling and, consequently, HRF expression. IMD-0354 inhibits IKKβ, a kinase upstream of NF-κB, leading to decreased NF-κB-mediated transcriptional regulation of HRF. Bortezomib prevents NF-κB activation by inhibiting the degradation of IκB, an inhibitor of NF-κB. CAPE and Wedelolactone inhibit NF-κB activation, modulating HRF expression. CAPE suppresses the nuclear translocation of NF-κB, while Wedelolactone inhibits IKK, leading to decreased NF-κB-mediated transcriptional regulation of HRF. Withaferin A and Triptolide inhibit NF-κB activation, indirectly influencing HRF expression. Withaferin A suppresses NF-κB activation, altering HRF expression. Triptolide hampers the nuclear translocation of NF-κB, leading to modulation of HRF expression. In summary, HRF inhibitors provide a versatile toolkit for precise modulation of HRF expression through the targeted inhibition of the NF-κB signaling pathway.