group III sPLA2 Activators

Group III secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2-III) is a member of the secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) family, which consists of low-molecular-weight, calcium-dependent enzymes known for their ability to hydrolyze the sn-2 acyl bond of phospholipids, releasing free fatty acids and lysophospholipids. These enzymes are involved in diverse physiological functions, including lipid metabolism, host defense, and the initiation of the inflammatory response.

The sPLA2-III protein is distinct from other sPLA2 enzymes in its structure and catalytic properties. It possesses a unique and extended N-terminal region not found in other sPLA2s, which may influence its substrate specificity and interaction with cellular membranes or other proteins. sPLA2-III's enzymatic activity is further characterized by its preference for phosphatidylglycerol-containing membranes, and it has been shown to have a relatively high hydrolytic activity against bacterial membranes, suggesting a role in innate immunity.Group III sPLA2 is expressed in a variety of tissues, and its expression can be induced under certain inflammatory conditions, which indicates its potential involvement in inflammation-related pathologies. The enzyme's activity leads to the production of arachidonic acid, a precursor of eicosanoids, which are potent mediators of inflammation and may also affect other signaling pathways involved in cell proliferation, differentiation, and death.