galectin-9 Inhibitors
Galectin-9 inhibitors are a class of compounds that indirectly influence galectin-9 activity or expression by modulating various signaling pathways and cellular processes. Most of these compounds are not specific galectin-9 inhibitors but act on pathways that can lead to changes in the cellular environment, thereby affecting galectin-9. Many of these compounds, such as Curcumin, Resveratrol, Quercetin, EGCG, Berberine, Andrographolide, Wogonin, Apigenin, and Silymarin, exhibit anti-inflammatory properties and can modulate the NF-κB pathway. NF-κB is a key transcription factor involved in the regulation of genes associated with inflammation and immune responses. By inhibiting this pathway, these compounds can create an environment that reduces the expression or activity of galectin-9, particularly in inflammatory contexts where galectin-9 is often upregulated.
Other compounds like Metformin, Sulforaphane, and Pioglitazone act through different mechanisms. Metformin and Berberine activate AMPK, a central regulator of cellular energy homeostasis, which can influence inflammatory responses and metabolism, thereby reducing galectin-9 levels. Sulforaphane activates the Nrf2 pathway, enhancing antioxidant responses and modulating inflammation, which can also impact galectin-9 activity. Pioglitazone, through its activation of PPAR-γ, regulates metabolic and inflammatory pathways, leading to a reduction in galectin-9 expression in metabolic and inflammatory conditions. In summary, galectin-9 inhibitors work indirectly by influencing signaling pathways and cellular processes that are involved in inflammation, oxidative stress, and metabolism. These inhibitors target a range of pathways, including NF-κB, AMPK, Nrf2, and PPAR-γ, each contributing to the modulation of the cellular environment in a way that can reduce galectin-9 activity or expression. This indirect mode of action reflects the complexity of cellular signaling and the interconnected nature of molecular pathways in regulating protein functions such as those of galectin-9.
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| Product Name | CAS # | Catalog # | QUANTITY | Price | Citations | RATING |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Metformin | 657-24-9 | sc-507370 | 10 mg | $77.00 | 2 | |
Metformin activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). AMPK activation can lead to the modulation of inflammatory pathways and cellular metabolism. Since galectin-9 is involved in immune regulation and inflammation, activation of AMPK by Metformin could indirectly lead to a cellular environment that suppresses galectin-9 expression or function. | ||||||
Curcumin | 458-37-7 | sc-200509 sc-200509A sc-200509B sc-200509C sc-200509D sc-200509F sc-200509E | 1 g 5 g 25 g 100 g 250 g 1 kg 2.5 kg | $36.00 $68.00 $107.00 $214.00 $234.00 $862.00 $1968.00 | 47 | |
Curcumin exhibits anti-inflammatory properties and can modulate NF-κB signaling. By inhibiting NF-κB, a transcription factor involved in the expression of various inflammatory cytokines, Curcumin could create conditions that indirectly reduce galectin-9 expression, which is often upregulated in inflammatory states. | ||||||
Resveratrol | 501-36-0 | sc-200808 sc-200808A sc-200808B | 100 mg 500 mg 5 g | $60.00 $185.00 $365.00 | 64 | |
Resveratrol activates sirtuins, particularly SIRT1, influencing cellular metabolism and inflammation. Through the activation of SIRT1, Resveratrol might indirectly modulate the cellular environment in a way that reduces the expression or activity of galectin-9, particularly in inflammatory or immune-related contexts. | ||||||
D,L-Sulforaphane | 4478-93-7 | sc-207495A sc-207495B sc-207495C sc-207495 sc-207495E sc-207495D | 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg 1 g 10 g 250 mg | $150.00 $286.00 $479.00 $1299.00 $8299.00 $915.00 | 22 | |
Sulforaphane activates the Nrf2 pathway, leading to the induction of antioxidant response elements and modulation of inflammatory pathways. Through its effect on Nrf2, Sulforaphane can indirectly influence the cellular environment and potentially reduce galectin-9 expression or activity, especially in contexts where oxidative stress or inflammation is involved. | ||||||
Quercetin | 117-39-5 | sc-206089 sc-206089A sc-206089E sc-206089C sc-206089D sc-206089B | 100 mg 500 mg 100 g 250 g 1 kg 25 g | $11.00 $17.00 $108.00 $245.00 $918.00 $49.00 | 33 | |
Quercetin is known for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. It can modulate various signaling pathways including NF-κB. By influencing these pathways, Quercetin could indirectly lead to a reduction in galectin-9 expression or activity, especially in inflammatory conditions where galectin-9 is often implicated. | ||||||
(−)-Epigallocatechin Gallate | 989-51-5 | sc-200802 sc-200802A sc-200802B sc-200802C sc-200802D sc-200802E | 10 mg 50 mg 100 mg 500 mg 1 g 10 g | $42.00 $72.00 $124.00 $238.00 $520.00 $1234.00 | 11 | |
EGCG, a major component of green tea, has anti-inflammatory effects and can modulate several signaling pathways, including NF-κB. Through its action on these pathways, EGCG could create conditions that indirectly reduce the expression or function of galectin-9, particularly in inflammatory states. | ||||||
Berberine | 2086-83-1 | sc-507337 | 250 mg | $90.00 | 1 | |
Berberine hydrochloride can activate AMPK and modulate the NF-κB pathway. By influencing these pathways, Berberine could indirectly lead to a reduction in galectin-9 expression or activity, especially in contexts of metabolic regulation and inflammation where galectin-9 plays a role. | ||||||
Pioglitazone | 111025-46-8 | sc-202289 sc-202289A | 1 mg 5 mg | $54.00 $123.00 | 13 | |
Pioglitazone activates PPAR-γ, a nuclear receptor that regulates gene expression related to glucose and lipid metabolism, as well as inflammation. Activation of PPAR-γ by Pioglitazone could indirectly reduce galectin-9 levels, particularly in metabolic and inflammatory contexts where galectin-9 is implicated. | ||||||
Andrographolide | 5508-58-7 | sc-205594 sc-205594A | 50 mg 100 mg | $15.00 $39.00 | 7 | |
Andrographolide has anti-inflammatory properties and can inhibit NF-κB activation. By modulating NF-κB, Andrographolide could indirectly suppress galectin-9 expression or activity, especially in inflammatory environments. | ||||||
Wogonin, S. baicalensis | 632-85-9 | sc-203313 | 10 mg | $200.00 | 8 | |
Wogonin, a flavonoid found in Scutellaria baicalensis, exhibits anti-inflammatory effects and can inhibit NF-κB signaling. This inhibition can lead to a reduction in galectin-9 expression or activity, particularly in inflammatory contexts. | ||||||