Fsbp Activators
Chemical activators of Fsbp can facilitate its activation through various intracellular signaling mechanisms. Calcium ionophores such as A23187 and Ionomycin raise intracellular calcium levels by facilitating the influx of calcium ions from the extracellular space. This increase in calcium concentration within the cell can activate calcium-dependent pathways that are crucial for the activation of Fsbp. Similarly, Thapsigargin acts indirectly to elevate cytosolic calcium levels by inhibiting the sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA), which disrupts calcium sequestration in the endoplasmic reticulum, leading to increased cytosolic calcium that can activate pathways involving Fsbp. Additionally, BAPTA-AM acts as a calcium chelator within the cell, and the subsequent disturbance in calcium homeostasis can activate cellular responses that lead to the activation of Fsbp.
Apart from calcium-dependent mechanisms, several other compounds can activate Fsbp through phosphorylation pathways. Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) activates protein kinase C (PKC), which can phosphorylate Fsbp or proteins within its activation pathways. Forskolin, 8-Bromo-cAMP, and Dibutyryl-cAMP elevate intracellular cAMP levels, which in turn activate protein kinase A (PKA). Active PKA can phosphorylate target proteins involved in the activation of Fsbp. Moreover, Calyculin A and Okadaic acid inhibit protein phosphatases such as PP1 and PP2A, preventing the dephosphorylation of proteins, which can sustain the activated state of proteins within the Fsbp pathway. A-769662 activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which can then phosphorylate proteins within the Fsbp signaling cascade. Lastly, Ionophore X-537A modifies intracellular ion concentrations, which can activate ion-sensitive signaling pathways that may include Fsbp. All these chemical activators, by influencing the cellular signaling environment, contribute to the regulation and activation of Fsbp.
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| Product Name | CAS # | Catalog # | QUANTITY | Price | Citations | RATING |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A23187 | 52665-69-7 | sc-3591 sc-3591B sc-3591A sc-3591C | 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg | $54.00 $128.00 $199.00 $311.00 | 23 | |
Calcium ionophore A23187 allows extracellular calcium to flow into the cell, increasing intracellular calcium concentrations, which can activate Fsbp, as Fsbp is known to be regulated by calcium-dependent mechanisms. | ||||||
PMA | 16561-29-8 | sc-3576 sc-3576A sc-3576B sc-3576C sc-3576D | 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg 100 mg | $40.00 $129.00 $210.00 $490.00 $929.00 | 119 | |
PMA activates protein kinase C (PKC), which can phosphorylate a myriad of proteins. Since Fsbp activation can be mediated by phosphorylation, the activation of PKC by PMA can lead to the activation of Fsbp by promoting its phosphorylation. | ||||||
Forskolin | 66575-29-9 | sc-3562 sc-3562A sc-3562B sc-3562C sc-3562D | 5 mg 50 mg 1 g 2 g 5 g | $76.00 $150.00 $725.00 $1385.00 $2050.00 | 73 | |
Forskolin increases intracellular cAMP levels by activating adenylate cyclase. Elevated cAMP can activate protein kinase A (PKA), which can then phosphorylate and activate proteins within the pathways Fsbp is involved in, leading to its activation. | ||||||
Ionomycin | 56092-82-1 | sc-3592 sc-3592A | 1 mg 5 mg | $76.00 $265.00 | 80 | |
Ionomycin is a calcium ionophore that raises intracellular calcium levels. Similar to A23187, the increase in calcium can activate calcium-dependent proteins and pathways, which could lead to the activation of Fsbp. | ||||||
8-Bromo-cAMP | 76939-46-3 | sc-201564 sc-201564A | 10 mg 50 mg | $97.00 $224.00 | 30 | |
8-Bromo-cAMP is a cell-permeable cAMP analog that activates PKA. Activated PKA can phosphorylate proteins within its signaling pathways, potentially leading to the activation of Fsbp. | ||||||
Dibutyryl-cAMP | 16980-89-5 | sc-201567 sc-201567A sc-201567B sc-201567C | 20 mg 100 mg 500 mg 10 g | $45.00 $130.00 $480.00 $4450.00 | 74 | |
Dibutyryl-cAMP is another cell-permeable cAMP analog that activates PKA. The activation of PKA may result in the phosphorylation and subsequent activation of Fsbp. | ||||||
Thapsigargin | 67526-95-8 | sc-24017 sc-24017A | 1 mg 5 mg | $94.00 $349.00 | 114 | |
Thapsigargin inhibits the sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA), leading to an increase in cytosolic calcium levels. Elevated cytosolic calcium can activate calcium-dependent proteins, which could result in the activation of Fsbp. | ||||||
Calyculin A | 101932-71-2 | sc-24000 sc-24000A sc-24000B sc-24000C | 10 µg 100 µg 500 µg 1 mg | $160.00 $750.00 $1400.00 $3000.00 | 59 | |
Calyculin A is an inhibitor of protein phosphatases 1 and 2A. By inhibiting these phosphatases, Calyculin A can lead to the sustained phosphorylation of proteins, thereby potentially contributing to the activation of Fsbp through phosphorylation. | ||||||
Okadaic Acid | 78111-17-8 | sc-3513 sc-3513A sc-3513B | 25 µg 100 µg 1 mg | $285.00 $520.00 $1300.00 | 78 | |
Okadaic acid is another inhibitor of protein phosphatases, particularly PP2A and PP1. The inhibition of dephosphorylation can result in the accumulation of phosphorylated proteins, which could lead to the activation of Fsbp. | ||||||
A-769662 | 844499-71-4 | sc-203790 sc-203790A sc-203790B sc-203790C sc-203790D | 10 mg 50 mg 100 mg 500 mg 1 g | $180.00 $726.00 $1055.00 $3350.00 $5200.00 | 23 | |
A-769662 activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Once activated, AMPK can phosphorylate target proteins that are involved in the same pathways as Fsbp, possibly leading to Fsbp activation. | ||||||