DGK-ζ Activators
DGK-ζ Activators are a collection of chemical compounds that enhance the activity of DGK-ζ through distinct biochemical mechanisms. Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), a diacylglycerol (DAG) analog, indirectly activates DGK-ζ by simulating the natural substrate of DGK-ζ and activating PKC, which can phosphorylate and activate DGK-ζ, facilitating its role in converting DAG to phosphatidic acid (PA). This conversion is critical in the attenuation of DAG-mediated signaling pathways, such as those involving PKC itself. Brefeldin A, by disrupting Golgi apparatus function, can cause a rise in cytosolic calcium, which serves as a cofactor for DGK-ζ, thereby enhancing its enzymatic activity to produce PA, a messenger involved in cellular signaling. Ionomycin, functioning as a calcium ionophore, raises intracellular calcium levels that serve to stimulate DGK-ζ, further promoting lipid signaling alterations. Lithium Chloride, by disrupting inositol phosphate recycling, inadvertently increases DAG levels, providing more substrate for DGK-ζ to convert into PA, thus indirectly enhancing DGK-ζ activity and impacting pathways such as Akt signaling.
Oleoylethanolamide (OEA) engages PPAR-α, potentially upregulating DGK-ζ, which is implicated in the metabolism of DAG, a process pivotal for the regulation of lipid-mediated signaling. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), through its interaction with specific receptors, can activate signaling cascades that bolster DGK-ζ activity, thereby modulating the balance of DAG and PA within the cell, influencing pathways like Ras/ERK signaling. Bryostatin 1, as a modulator of PKC, can indirectly enhance DGK-ζ activity through PKC-mediated phosphorylation, implicating DGK-ζ in broader cellular signaling processes. The synthetic DAG analog, 1,2-Dioctanoyl-sn-glycerol (DiC8), activates PKC, which subsequently can promote DGK-ζ activation, thus influencing lipid signaling cascades. Arachidonic Acid, being a precursor to numerous signaling molecules, can activate PKC, enhancing DGK-ζ activity, and thus modulating cellular signaling processes.
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| Product Name | CAS # | Catalog # | QUANTITY | Price | Citations | RATING |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PMA | 16561-29-8 | sc-3576 sc-3576A sc-3576B sc-3576C sc-3576D | 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg 100 mg | $40.00 $129.00 $210.00 $490.00 $929.00 | 119 | |
PMA is an analog of diacylglycerol (DAG) which activates protein kinase C (PKC). PKC can phosphorylate DGK-ζ, leading to its activation and subsequent conversion of DAG to phosphatidic acid, thus modulating signaling pathways that are dependent on lipid second messengers. | ||||||
Brefeldin A | 20350-15-6 | sc-200861C sc-200861 sc-200861A sc-200861B | 1 mg 5 mg 25 mg 100 mg | $30.00 $52.00 $122.00 $367.00 | 25 | |
Brefeldin A disrupts Golgi structure and function, which can lead to an increase in cytosolic calcium levels. Elevated calcium can activate certain isoforms of DGK, including DGK-ζ, to produce phosphatidic acid and modulate calcium-dependent signaling pathways. | ||||||
Ionomycin | 56092-82-1 | sc-3592 sc-3592A | 1 mg 5 mg | $76.00 $265.00 | 80 | |
Ionomycin is a calcium ionophore that raises intracellular calcium levels. Increased calcium concentration can stimulate DGK-ζ activity, enhancing the conversion of DAG to phosphatidic acid, which is crucial for the regulation of intracellular signaling pathways involving calcium. | ||||||
Lithium | 7439-93-2 | sc-252954 | 50 g | $214.00 | ||
Lithium Chloride inhibits inositol monophosphatase, leading to a reduction in inositol triphosphate (IP3) levels and an increase in DAG levels. The elevated DAG can serve as a substrate for DGK-ζ, enhancing its activity and the production of phosphatidic acid, which plays a role in signaling pathways like protein kinase B (Akt) activation. | ||||||
Oleylethanolamide | 111-58-0 | sc-201400 sc-201400A | 10 mg 50 mg | $88.00 $190.00 | 1 | |
OEA binds to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR-α), which can influence lipid signaling pathways. The activation of PPAR-α may upregulate DGK-ζ activity, as DGK-ζ is involved in lipid signaling through the metabolism of DAG to phosphatidic acid. | ||||||
D-erythro-Sphingosine-1-phosphate | 26993-30-6 | sc-201383 sc-201383D sc-201383A sc-201383B sc-201383C | 1 mg 2 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg | $162.00 $316.00 $559.00 $889.00 $1693.00 | 7 | |
S1P is a bioactive lipid that can activate sphingosine-1-phosphate receptors. Activation of these receptors can lead to downstream signaling events that increase the activity of DGK-ζ, which in turn modulates the levels of DAG and phosphatidic acid within the cell, impacting various signaling pathways like the Ras/ERK pathway. | ||||||
Bryostatin 1 | 83314-01-6 | sc-201407 | 10 µg | $240.00 | 9 | |
Bryostatin 1 is a PKC modulator. By activating PKC, it can indirectly enhance the activity of DGK-ζ by promoting the phosphorylation and regulation of DGK-ζ, which is responsible for the metabolism of DAG to phosphatidic acid, a signaling lipid that modulates cellular processes. | ||||||
Arachidonic Acid (20:4, n-6) | 506-32-1 | sc-200770 sc-200770A sc-200770B | 100 mg 1 g 25 g | $90.00 $235.00 $4243.00 | 9 | |
Arachidonic Acid can be metabolized to produce bioactive lipids, which can activate various signaling pathways, including those involving PKC. PKC activation can in turn enhance DGK-ζ activity, leading to the metabolism of DAG to phosphatidic acid, which is important for the regulation of cellular signaling. | ||||||