CD155 (PVR; polio virus receptor) Inhibitors

CD155, also known as the Poliovirus Receptor (PVR), is a transmembrane protein that is part of the immunoglobulin superfamily. It is characterized by an external domain that facilitates the attachment of cells to the extracellular matrix component vitronectin. On the intracellular side, CD155's domain interacts with the dynein light chain Tctex-1/DYNLT1, a component of the motor protein complex involved in intracellular transport. This protein is unique to primates and acts as the primary cellular receptor for poliovirus, playing a crucial role in the initial stage of poliovirus replication. CD155's gene is expressed in multiple transcript variants, leading to the creation of different isoforms. These diverse forms of CD155 enhance its functional versatility in cellular signaling and interaction with external molecules, along with its key role in viral infection processes.

Targeting CD155, the Poliovirus Receptor (PVR), with small molecules offers a strategic approach to understanding its role in both cellular processes and viral infections. By inhibiting CD155, researchers can dissect its function in cell adhesion and interaction with the extracellular matrix, particularly its binding to vitronectin. This approach also allows for the exploration of CD155's involvement in intracellular signaling pathways, especially its interaction with the dynein light chain Tctex-1/DYNLT1. In the context of viral studies, inhibiting CD155 provides insights into the mechanisms of poliovirus entry and replication, offering potential avenues for poliovirus infection. Overall, such targeted disruption is crucial for comprehending CD155's multifaceted roles in cellular biology and its implications in disease, including its exploitation by pathogens.