Calbindin D28K Activators

Common Calbindin D28K Activators include, but are not limited to Retinoic Acid, all trans CAS 302-79-4, 1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 CAS 32222-06-3, Kainic acid monohydrate CAS 58002-62-3, Lithium CAS 7439-93-2 and Caffeine CAS 58-08-2.

Calbindin D28K, a member of the EF-hand family of calcium-binding proteins, plays a pivotal role in calcium signaling and homeostasis within cells. Located primarily in the brain, especially in the cerebellum, hippocampus, and cortex, as well as in the kidneys and other tissues, Calbindin D28K acts as a buffer, reducing intracellular calcium concentrations and protecting cells from calcium-induced toxicity. By binding to calcium ions, it moderates the fluctuations of intracellular calcium, ensuring that the levels remain within a physiological range. Its expression and activity have been associated with neuroprotection, especially in situations where neurons might be exposed to excessive calcium levels, which can trigger cell death.

Activators of Calbindin D28K are compounds designed to elevate or enhance the protein's expression or its calcium-binding efficiency. These activators might act by stabilizing the protein, increasing its half-life, or promoting its transcription and translation, thereby leading to increased protein levels within the cell. Another mechanism of action might involve facilitating the interaction of Calbindin D28K with calcium ions, thereby increasing its binding efficiency. The ultimate goal of such activators would be to amplify the natural protective function of Calbindin D28K, especially in situations where cells, particularly neurons, are at risk of calcium-induced damage. This could have broad implications for cellular health, especially in contexts where calcium homeostasis is disrupted. As calcium signaling is a ubiquitous process, influencing a myriad of cellular activities from enzyme function to gene expression, the impact of modulating Calbindin D28K activity is vast, spanning across various biological systems and processes.