C/EBP ε Activators
Chemicals that serve as activators of C/EBP ε are typically involved in signaling cascades that culminate in the modulation of transcriptional activity. These activators are often upstream regulators that trigger a series of intracellular events, resulting in the enhancement of gene expression related to the function of C/EBP ε. The mechanisms through which these chemicals exert their effects vary widely, from the direct activation of protein kinases like PKC and PKA to the binding of nuclear receptors that directly interact with DNA response elements, thus influencing gene transcription.
For example, PMA and forskolin activate protein kinases that can phosphorylate transcriptional regulators, potentially increasing the transcriptional activity of C/EBP ε. Compounds like retinoic acid and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 bind to their respective receptors, which then act as transcription factors to modulate gene expression, including that of genes related to C/EBP ε. Sodium butyrate, through inhibition of histone deacetylases, and dibutyryl cAMP, as a cAMP analog, can create a favorable environment for transcription factor binding and gene transcription, respectively. In contrast, small molecules such as lithium chloride and pioglitazone can influence gene expression by inhibiting enzymes like GSK-3 or activating specific receptors like PPARγ, thereby impacting C/EBP ε expression indirectly.
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| Product Name | CAS # | Catalog # | QUANTITY | Price | Citations | RATING |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PMA | 16561-29-8 | sc-3576 sc-3576A sc-3576B sc-3576C sc-3576D | 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg 100 mg | $40.00 $129.00 $210.00 $490.00 $929.00 | 119 | |
PMA is a diacylglycerol analog that activates protein kinase C (PKC), which can then enhance the transcription of genes by promoting the phosphorylation of transcription factors and co-factors, including those that may regulate C/EBP ε expression. | ||||||
Forskolin | 66575-29-9 | sc-3562 sc-3562A sc-3562B sc-3562C sc-3562D | 5 mg 50 mg 1 g 2 g 5 g | $76.00 $150.00 $725.00 $1385.00 $2050.00 | 73 | |
Forskolin directly stimulates adenylyl cyclase, increasing cAMP levels and subsequently activating PKA. PKA can phosphorylate transcriptional regulators, potentially leading to increased expression of C/EBP ε. | ||||||
Retinoic Acid, all trans | 302-79-4 | sc-200898 sc-200898A sc-200898B sc-200898C | 500 mg 5 g 10 g 100 g | $65.00 $319.00 $575.00 $998.00 | 28 | |
Retinoic acid acts through its receptors which are transcription factors themselves and can upregulate the expression of various genes, possibly including C/EBP ε, by binding to retinoic acid response elements (RARE) in the promoters of target genes. | ||||||
Cholecalciferol | 67-97-0 | sc-205630 sc-205630A sc-205630B | 1 g 5 g 10 g | $70.00 $160.00 $290.00 | 2 | |
This active form of vitamin D3 can bind to the vitamin D receptor (VDR), which heterodimerizes with the retinoid X receptor (RXR) and binds to vitamin D response elements (VDREs) in the promoters of target genes, which may include C/EBP ε. | ||||||
Lithium | 7439-93-2 | sc-252954 | 50 g | $214.00 | ||
Lithium acts to inhibit glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3), which can result in the stabilization and activation of various transcription factors and may enhance the transcriptional activity or expression of C/EBP ε. | ||||||
Isoproterenol Hydrochloride | 51-30-9 | sc-202188 sc-202188A | 100 mg 500 mg | $27.00 $37.00 | 5 | |
As a beta-adrenergic agonist, isoproterenol increases intracellular cAMP, activating PKA and leading to the activation of transcription factors that may increase the expression of C/EBP ε. | ||||||
IBMX | 28822-58-4 | sc-201188 sc-201188B sc-201188A | 200 mg 500 mg 1 g | $159.00 $315.00 $598.00 | 34 | |
IBMX is a non-specific inhibitor of phosphodiesterases, which increases cAMP and cGMP by preventing their degradation. The increased cAMP/cGMP levels can activate PKA and PKG, respectively, influencing the transcription of genes including those related to C/EBP ε. | ||||||
Sodium Butyrate | 156-54-7 | sc-202341 sc-202341B sc-202341A sc-202341C | 250 mg 5 g 25 g 500 g | $30.00 $46.00 $82.00 $218.00 | 19 | |
As a histone deacetylase inhibitor, sodium butyrate alters chromatin structure and affects gene expression by allowing a more open configuration for transcription factor binding, potentially enhancing C/EBP ε transcription. | ||||||
Adenosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate | 60-92-4 | sc-217584 sc-217584A sc-217584B sc-217584C sc-217584D sc-217584E | 100 mg 250 mg 5 g 10 g 25 g 50 g | $114.00 $175.00 $260.00 $362.00 $617.00 $1127.00 | ||
This cAMP analog is resistant to degradation by phosphodiesterases and can activate PKA, leading to phosphorylation of transcription factors and enhanced expression of C/EBP ε. | ||||||
Pioglitazone | 111025-46-8 | sc-202289 sc-202289A | 1 mg 5 mg | $54.00 $123.00 | 13 | |
As a thiazolidinedione, pioglitazone activates the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), which can increase the expression of genes involved in adipogenesis, potentially including C/EBP ε. | ||||||