β-sarcoglycan Activators
β-sarcoglycan Activators are a class of compounds that exert their effects by manipulating cellular signaling pathways, specifically those involving cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and protein kinase A (PKA). These compounds include fenoldopam, isoproterenol, rolipram, forskolin, IBMX, epinephrine, dibutyryl-cAMP, zardaverine, PGE2, milrinone, 8-Bromo-cAMP, and salmeterol. They have unique mechanisms of action, but the common thread among all of them is their ability to modulate the levels of cAMP, either by increasing its production or by inhibiting its breakdown. Upon elevation, cAMP activates PKA, which is known to enhance the functional activity of β-sarcoglycan via phosphorylation.
The ability to enhance β-sarcoglycan functionality is significant as this protein is a critical component of the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex (DGC), a structure that links the cytoskeleton of a muscle fiber to the surrounding extracellular matrix. The phosphorylation of β-sarcoglycan by activated PKA can increase its stability and function within the DGC, hence maintaining the integrity of muscle fibers. For instance, fenoldopam, a D1 dopamine receptor agonist, and isoproterenol, a non-selective beta adrenergic receptor agonist, both increase cAMP production, leading to enhanced PKA activity and subsequent β-sarcoglycan phosphorylation. Other compounds like rolipram and IBMX inhibit phosphodiesterase, an enzyme responsible for cAMP breakdown, thereby indirectly increasing cAMP levels and promoting β-sarcoglycan activation. Thus, through their specific mechanisms of action on cAMP and PKA, these chemical compounds serve as effective activators of β-sarcoglycan.
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| Product Name | CAS # | Catalog # | QUANTITY | Price | Citations | RATING |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fenoldopam hydrochloride | 67227-56-9 | sc-279160 | 10 mg | $159.00 | ||
Fenoldopam is a D1 dopamine receptor agonist, known to activate adenylate cyclase and increase cAMP production. The elevated cAMP levels can activate protein kinase A (PKA), which can phosphorylate β-sarcoglycan and enhance its stability and function in the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex (DGC). | ||||||
Isoproterenol Hydrochloride | 51-30-9 | sc-202188 sc-202188A | 100 mg 500 mg | $27.00 $37.00 | 5 | |
Isoproterenol is a non-selective beta-adrenergic receptor agonist. By stimulating these receptors, it causes an increase in intracellular cAMP levels. The increase in cAMP activates PKA, which then can phosphorylate and enhance the functional activity of β-sarcoglycan. | ||||||
Rolipram | 61413-54-5 | sc-3563 sc-3563A | 5 mg 50 mg | $75.00 $212.00 | 18 | |
Rolipram inhibits phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4), preventing the breakdown of cAMP. This leads to increased PKA activity, which can phosphorylate and enhance the functional activity of β-sarcoglycan. | ||||||
Forskolin | 66575-29-9 | sc-3562 sc-3562A sc-3562B sc-3562C sc-3562D | 5 mg 50 mg 1 g 2 g 5 g | $76.00 $150.00 $725.00 $1385.00 $2050.00 | 73 | |
Forskolin is an activator of adenylyl cyclase, leading to an increase in cyclic AMP (cAMP) levels. This elevation in cAMP levels activates PKA, which can phosphorylate and enhance the functional activity of β-sarcoglycan. | ||||||
IBMX | 28822-58-4 | sc-201188 sc-201188B sc-201188A | 200 mg 500 mg 1 g | $159.00 $315.00 $598.00 | 34 | |
IBMX is a non-selective inhibitor of PDE, which prevents the breakdown of cAMP, leading to increased cAMP levels. This results in the activation of PKA, which can phosphorylate and enhance the functional activity of β-sarcoglycan. | ||||||
(−)-Epinephrine | 51-43-4 | sc-205674 sc-205674A sc-205674B sc-205674C sc-205674D | 1 g 5 g 10 g 100 g 1 kg | $40.00 $102.00 $197.00 $1739.00 $16325.00 | ||
Epinephrine is a non-selective adrenergic receptor agonist. It stimulates the production of cAMP, which activates PKA. Active PKA can then phosphorylate and enhance the functionality of β-sarcoglycan. | ||||||
Dibutyryl-cAMP | 16980-89-5 | sc-201567 sc-201567A sc-201567B sc-201567C | 20 mg 100 mg 500 mg 10 g | $45.00 $130.00 $480.00 $4450.00 | 74 | |
Dibutyryl-cAMP, a cAMP analog, activates PKA, which can phosphorylate and enhance the functional activity of β-sarcoglycan. | ||||||
Zardaverine | 101975-10-4 | sc-201208 sc-201208A | 5 mg 25 mg | $88.00 $379.00 | 1 | |
Zardaverine inhibits PDE3 and PDE4, causing an increase in cAMP levels. The elevated cAMP activates PKA, leading to the phosphorylation and enhancement of the functional activity of β-sarcoglycan. | ||||||
PGE2 | 363-24-6 | sc-201225 sc-201225C sc-201225A sc-201225B | 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 50 mg | $56.00 $156.00 $270.00 $665.00 | 37 | |
PGE2 activates EP receptors, leading to increased cAMP levels. The increase in cAMP activates PKA, which can phosphorylate and enhance the functional activity of β-sarcoglycan. | ||||||
Milrinone | 78415-72-2 | sc-201193 sc-201193A | 10 mg 50 mg | $162.00 $683.00 | 7 | |
Milrinone is a PDE3 inhibitor. It causes an increase in cAMP levels, which activates PKA. The active PKA can then phosphorylate and enhance the functionality of β-sarcoglycan. | ||||||