Sphingomyelin Synthase 2 Activators
Sphingomyelin Synthase 2 (SMS2) is an integral membrane protein that plays a significant role in the biosynthesis of sphingomyelin, a major lipid component of mammalian cell membranes. SMS2 operates at the interface of complex lipid metabolic pathways, catalyzing the transfer of phosphocholine from phosphatidylcholine to ceramide, resulting in the production of sphingomyelin. This enzymatic activity is crucial for maintaining the structural integrity of cell membranes and for the formation of lipid rafts, regions within the cell membrane that are platforms for signaling molecules. The expression of SMS2 is therefore a pivotal factor in the dynamic regulation of cellular lipid composition and the orchestration of signaling pathways that are mediated by lipid molecules.
The expression of SMS2 can be influenced by a variety of bioactive chemical compounds that interact with cellular metabolic and signaling networks. For instance, retinoic acid, a derivative of vitamin A, can upregulate SMS2 by engaging nuclear receptors that govern the transcription of lipid metabolism genes. Similarly, 25-hydroxycholesterol, a product of cholesterol oxidation, may enhance SMS2 expression in an effort to stabilize cellular lipid homeostasis. Other compounds like cyclic AMP, a secondary messenger in many signal transduction pathways, can also amplify the expression of SMS2 through protein kinase A-mediated signaling mechanisms. Lipid-derived messengers such as sphingosine-1-phosphate and lysophosphatidic acid may also elevate SMS2 levels as part of a feedback mechanism regulating sphingolipid biosynthesis. Moreover, physiological regulators like hormones and vitamins, including insulin and Vitamin D3, play a role in the modulation of SMS2 expression, highlighting the interconnectedness of lipid metabolism with broader physiological processes. As researchers continue to unravel the complex network of interactions that govern SMS2 expression, the understanding of its regulation by these diverse chemical entities offers insights into the fundamental mechanisms of cell biology.
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| Product Name | CAS # | Catalog # | QUANTITY | Price | Citations | RATING |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Retinoic Acid, all trans | 302-79-4 | sc-200898 sc-200898A sc-200898B sc-200898C | 500 mg 5 g 10 g 100 g | $66.00 $325.00 $587.00 $1018.00 | 28 | |
Retinoic acid may upregulate SMS2 expression by binding to retinoid receptors, which are transcription factors that can initiate the transcription of genes involved in sphingolipid synthesis. | ||||||
25-Hydroxycholesterol | 2140-46-7 | sc-214091B sc-214091 sc-214091A sc-214091C | 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg 100 mg | $53.00 $91.00 $169.00 $474.00 | 8 | |
As a cholesterol derivative, 25-hydroxycholesterol can stimulate the transcription of enzymes in the sphingolipid pathway, potentially leading to an increase in SMS2 expression to balance lipid composition. | ||||||
Cholecalciferol | 67-97-0 | sc-205630 sc-205630A sc-205630B | 1 g 5 g 10 g | $71.00 $163.00 $296.00 | 2 | |
The active form of Cholecalciferol may enhance SMS2 transcription by interacting with the vitamin D receptor, a nuclear receptor that can activate sphingolipid metabolism-related genes. | ||||||
Fumonisin B1 | 116355-83-0 | sc-201395 sc-201395A | 1 mg 5 mg | $200.00 $680.00 | 18 | |
Exposure to Fumonisin B1 can lead to a compensatory upsurge in SMS2 expression as the enzyme plays a crucial role in restoring disrupted sphingolipid balance. | ||||||
Adenosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate | 60-92-4 | sc-217584 sc-217584A sc-217584B sc-217584C sc-217584D sc-217584E | 100 mg 250 mg 5 g 10 g 25 g 50 g | $116.00 $179.00 $265.00 $369.00 $629.00 $1150.00 | ||
Adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate can amplify SMS2 expression through the activation of protein kinase A, leading to phosphorylation of transcription factors that govern lipid metabolism genes. | ||||||
PMA | 16561-29-8 | sc-3576 sc-3576A sc-3576B sc-3576C sc-3576D | 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg 100 mg | $41.00 $132.00 $214.00 $500.00 $948.00 | 119 | |
PMA can induce SMS2 synthesis by activating protein kinase C, which in turn can initiate a cascade of events culminating in the activation of specific gene promoters including those for SMS2. | ||||||
Hydrocortisone | 50-23-7 | sc-300810 | 5 g | $102.00 | 6 | |
Hydrocortisone may elevate SMS2 levels by binding to glucocorticoid receptors, which can enhance the expression of genes involved in the stress response, including lipid metabolism. | ||||||
Insulin | 11061-68-0 | sc-29062 sc-29062A sc-29062B | 100 mg 1 g 10 g | $156.00 $1248.00 $12508.00 | 82 | |
Insulin could stimulate SMS2 production by activating insulin receptors and the subsequent signaling cascade, which can lead to increased transcription of genes for lipid processing enzymes. | ||||||
β-Estradiol | 50-28-2 | sc-204431 sc-204431A | 500 mg 5 g | $63.00 $182.00 | 8 | |
β-Estradiol may promote SMS2 gene transcription by estrogen receptor activation, which can lead to the expression of genes that are crucial for maintaining lipid membrane integrity and function. | ||||||
D-erythro-Sphingosine-1-phosphate | 26993-30-6 | sc-201383 sc-201383D sc-201383A sc-201383B sc-201383C | 1 mg 2 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg | $165.00 $322.00 $570.00 $907.00 $1727.00 | 7 | |
Sphingosine-1-phosphate can provoke an upsurge in SMS2 expression as it is a bioactive sphingolipid that acts through specific receptors to control the expression of enzymes in its own biosynthesis pathway. | ||||||