Trak1 Activators
Chemical activators of Trak1 utilize a variety of cellular mechanisms to influence its activity. Bisindolylmaleimide I, as a specific inhibitor of protein kinase C (PKC), indirectly activates Trak1 by reducing PKC-mediated phosphorylation, allowing Trak1 to maintain an active state conducive to its role in mitochondrial trafficking. Forskolin, through its activation of adenylate cyclase, leads to an increase in cAMP levels which in turn activates Protein Kinase A (PKA). Activated PKA phosphorylates Trak1, enhancing its interactions with motor proteins and therefore its trafficking function. Similarly, Dibutyryl-cAMP, a cAMP analog, also activates PKA, which then acts to phosphorylate and activate Trak1, facilitating its role in intracellular transport processes.
Ionomycin raises intracellular calcium, activating calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaMK), which can phosphorylate Trak1, thus promoting its activity related to axonal transport. Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) directly stimulates PKC, which phosphorylates and activates Trak1, boosting mitochondrial transport. Okadaic Acid and Calyculin A, both inhibitors of protein phosphatases PP1 and PP2A, lead to an overall increase in protein phosphorylation, potentially affecting Trak1 and thus modulating its role in organelle trafficking. Anisomycin, which activates JNK, may phosphorylate Trak1, thereby influencing its function during cellular stress responses. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) inhibits phosphodiesterases, causing a rise in cAMP, which subsequently activates PKA, leading to phosphorylation and activation of Trak1. Chelerythrine, by inhibiting PKC, alters phosphorylation patterns that can activate Trak1. Lastly, Spermine NONOate releases nitric oxide, which activates guanylyl cyclase, increasing cGMP levels that activate PKG, another kinase that can phosphorylate Trak1, thus affecting its activity.
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| Product Name | CAS # | Catalog # | QUANTITY | Price | Citations | RATING |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bisindolylmaleimide I (GF 109203X) | 133052-90-1 | sc-24003A sc-24003 | 1 mg 5 mg | $103.00 $237.00 | 36 | |
Bisindolylmaleimide I is a specific inhibitor of protein kinase C (PKC). Trak1 activation is promoted upon phosphorylation, which is a process that PKC can mediate, thus Bisindolylmaleimide I activates Trak1 by inhibiting PKC, leading to reduced phosphorylation of inhibitory sites on Trak1 or on proteins interacting with Trak1. | ||||||
Forskolin | 66575-29-9 | sc-3562 sc-3562A sc-3562B sc-3562C sc-3562D | 5 mg 50 mg 1 g 2 g 5 g | $76.00 $150.00 $725.00 $1385.00 $2050.00 | 73 | |
Forskolin activates adenylate cyclase, which increases cAMP levels in cells. Raised cAMP levels activate PKA (Protein Kinase A), which can phosphorylate Trak1 or associated proteins, thereby leading to the activation of Trak1 by enhancing its motor protein interactions and mitochondrial trafficking. | ||||||
Okadaic Acid | 78111-17-8 | sc-3513 sc-3513A sc-3513B | 25 µg 100 µg 1 mg | $285.00 $520.00 $1300.00 | 78 | |
Okadaic Acid is a potent inhibitor of protein phosphatases PP1 and PP2A. By inhibiting these phosphatases, Okadaic Acid leads to increased phosphorylation levels of cellular proteins, potentially including Trak1, which results in the activation of Trak1 function regarding its association with motor proteins and cargo transport. | ||||||
Lovastatin | 75330-75-5 | sc-200850 sc-200850A sc-200850B | 5 mg 25 mg 100 mg | $28.00 $88.00 $332.00 | 12 | |
OAG is a diacylglycerol analog which activates protein kinase C (PKC). PKC, in turn, can phosphorylate Trak1, leading to the activation of Trak1's function in mitochondrial motility and trafficking. | ||||||
Ionomycin, free acid | 56092-81-0 | sc-263405 sc-263405A | 1 mg 5 mg | $94.00 $259.00 | 2 | |
Ionomycin is a calcium ionophore which increases intracellular calcium concentration. Elevated calcium levels can activate calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaMK), which may phosphorylate and thereby activate Trak1, enhancing its role in axonal transport. | ||||||
PMA | 16561-29-8 | sc-3576 sc-3576A sc-3576B sc-3576C sc-3576D | 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg 100 mg | $40.00 $129.00 $210.00 $490.00 $929.00 | 119 | |
PMA directly activates PKC, which can phosphorylate and activate Trak1, thus enhancing Trak1's interaction with kinesin motor proteins and promoting the anterograde transport of mitochondria. | ||||||
Calyculin A | 101932-71-2 | sc-24000 sc-24000A sc-24000B sc-24000C | 10 µg 100 µg 500 µg 1 mg | $160.00 $750.00 $1400.00 $3000.00 | 59 | |
Calyculin A is an inhibitor of protein phosphatases PP1 and PP2A. Its action results in increased phosphorylation of cellular proteins and can lead to the activation of Trak1, thereby modulating its role in the trafficking of mitochondria and other organelles. | ||||||
Anisomycin | 22862-76-6 | sc-3524 sc-3524A | 5 mg 50 mg | $97.00 $254.00 | 36 | |
Anisomycin is a JNK activator which can lead to the phosphorylation of proteins involved in cellular stress responses. Phosphorylation by JNK may activate Trak1, promoting its role in mitochondrial dynamics and cellular response to stress. | ||||||
Dibutyryl-cAMP | 16980-89-5 | sc-201567 sc-201567A sc-201567B sc-201567C | 20 mg 100 mg 500 mg 10 g | $45.00 $130.00 $480.00 $4450.00 | 74 | |
Dibutyryl-cAMP is a cell-permeable cAMP analog which activates PKA. PKA then can phosphorylate Trak1, resulting in the activation of its motor protein interactions and enhancement of axonal transport processes. | ||||||
Chelerythrine chloride | 3895-92-9 | sc-3547 sc-3547A | 5 mg 25 mg | $88.00 $311.00 | 17 | |
Chelerythrine is a PKC inhibitor. By inhibiting PKC, it may lead to increased phosphorylation of Trak1 or associated proteins by reducing phosphorylation at inhibitory sites, thereby activating Trak1's role in mitochondrial transport. | ||||||