TMX3 Activators
TMX3 Activators are a curated collection of chemical compounds that indirectly enhance the activity of TMX3 through specific intracellular pathways. For instance, Forskolin, Ionomycin, 8-Br-cAMP, and A23187 elevate intracellular cAMP and calcium levels, respectively, which activate PKA and calmodulin-dependent pathways. These pathways, in turn, promote phosphorylation events and calcium signaling that are critical for the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) functions where TMX3 is known to operate, particularly in protein folding and stress response mechanisms. PMA serves to modulate PKC activity, further influencing the ER stress pathways and potentially enhancing the chaperone activity of TMX3.
Chemical chaperones like 4-Phenylbutyrate alleviate ER stress by assisting in protein folding, suggesting an indirect mechanism to enhance the functional capacity of TMX3 by reducing the burden of unfolded proteins. Furthermore, Salubrinal and Guanabenz, which inhibit the dephosphorylation of eIF2α, provide a biochemical milieu that supports the UPR, a cellular process where TMX3's role is pivotal. TMX3 activators can bolster the protein's capacity to manage ER stress and maintain protein quality control, ensuring cellular proteostasis without directly upregulating its expression or activity.
SEE ALSO...
| Product Name | CAS # | Catalog # | QUANTITY | Price | Citations | RATING |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Forskolin | 66575-29-9 | sc-3562 sc-3562A sc-3562B sc-3562C sc-3562D | 5 mg 50 mg 1 g 2 g 5 g | $76.00 $150.00 $725.00 $1385.00 $2050.00 | 73 | |
Forskolin activates adenylyl cyclase, raising intracellular cAMP levels, which in turn activates PKA. PKA phosphorylates multiple targets that could interact with TMX3 to enhance its protein folding and quality control functions within the endoplasmic reticulum. | ||||||
Ionomycin | 56092-82-1 | sc-3592 sc-3592A | 1 mg 5 mg | $76.00 $265.00 | 80 | |
Ionomycin acts as a calcium ionophore, increasing intracellular calcium concentration. Elevated calcium levels can activate calmodulin and other calcium-binding proteins that may regulate TMX3's activity in maintaining calcium homeostasis and ER stress response. | ||||||
8-Bromo-cAMP | 76939-46-3 | sc-201564 sc-201564A | 10 mg 50 mg | $97.00 $224.00 | 30 | |
8-Br-cAMP is a cell-permeable cAMP analogue that directly activates cAMP-dependent PKA. PKA then enhances the phosphorylation status of proteins that could modulate the functional activity of TMX3 in the ER-associated degradation (ERAD) pathway. | ||||||
PMA | 16561-29-8 | sc-3576 sc-3576A sc-3576B sc-3576C sc-3576D | 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg 100 mg | $40.00 $129.00 $210.00 $490.00 $929.00 | 119 | |
PMA activates protein kinase C (PKC), which can phosphorylate substrates that may alter TMX3's role in protein folding and stress response pathways in the endoplasmic reticulum. | ||||||
A23187 | 52665-69-7 | sc-3591 sc-3591B sc-3591A sc-3591C | 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg | $54.00 $128.00 $199.00 $311.00 | 23 | |
A23187 is an ionophore that selectively increases intracellular calcium levels, potentially enhancing TMX3's role in calcium homeostasis and the ER stress response. | ||||||
Sodium phenylbutyrate | 1716-12-7 | sc-200652 sc-200652A sc-200652B sc-200652C sc-200652D | 1 g 10 g 100 g 1 kg 10 kg | $75.00 $163.00 $622.00 $4906.00 $32140.00 | 43 | |
4-Phenylbutyrate is a chemical chaperone that relieves ER stress, which may indirectly enhance TMX3's function in protein folding and ER stress response by reducing the protein load within the ER. | ||||||
Salubrinal | 405060-95-9 | sc-202332 sc-202332A | 1 mg 5 mg | $33.00 $102.00 | 87 | |
Salubrinal selectively inhibits phosphatases that dephosphorylate eIF2α, leading to increased resistance to ER stress and potentially enhancing the role of TMX3 in the UPR. | ||||||
Guanabenz acetate | 23256-50-0 | sc-203590 sc-203590A sc-203590B sc-203590C sc-203590D | 100 mg 500 mg 1 g 10 g 25 g | $100.00 $459.00 $816.00 $4080.00 $7140.00 | 2 | |
Guanabenz is reported to alleviate ER stress by inhibiting the dephosphorylation of eIF2α, which could indirectly lead to the activation of TMX3 by enhancing the UPR pathway. | ||||||