OR4D9 Activators
OR4D9 can initiate a cascade of intracellular events leading to the protein's activation. Forskolin, known for its ability to directly stimulate adenylate cyclase, raises cyclic AMP (cAMP) levels within cells. This surge in cAMP activates protein kinase A (PKA), which, in turn, can phosphorylate OR4D9, resulting in its activation. Similarly, isoproterenol, a synthetic catecholamine, binds to beta-adrenergic receptors, also resulting in increased cAMP production and subsequent PKA-mediated phosphorylation of OR4D9. IBMX, by inhibiting phosphodiesterases, prevents the breakdown of cAMP, indirectly fostering a rise in PKA activity that can lead to OR4D9 phosphorylation.
Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and histamine, exert their effects through their respective G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). PGE2 interacts with its GPCR to increase intracellular cAMP, while histamine targets H2 receptors to elicit a similar response. In both cases, the elevated cAMP levels can activate PKA, which then can phosphorylate OR4D9. Dopamine and epinephrine, through their interaction with D1-like and beta-adrenergic receptors respectively, also promote adenylate cyclase activation. Glucagon and adenosine, each by binding to their specific GPCRs, further contribute to the cAMP pool, enabling PKA activation. Beta-2 adrenergic receptor agonists, salbutamol and terbutaline, increase cAMP levels in a comparable fashion, leading to PKA activation and possible OR4D9 phosphorylation. Lastly, rolipram selectively inhibits phosphodiesterase 4, which specializes in cAMP breakdown, thus increasing cAMP availability for PKA activation and the subsequent phosphorylation of OR4D9. Each of these chemicals, through their unique mechanisms, can promote the activation of OR4D9 via the cAMP-PKA signaling pathway.
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| Product Name | CAS # | Catalog # | QUANTITY | Price | Citations | RATING |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Forskolin | 66575-29-9 | sc-3562 sc-3562A sc-3562B sc-3562C sc-3562D | 5 mg 50 mg 1 g 2 g 5 g | $76.00 $150.00 $725.00 $1385.00 $2050.00 | 73 | |
Forskolin activates adenylate cyclase, which increases cyclic AMP (cAMP) levels in cells. Elevated cAMP activates protein kinase A (PKA). PKA can then phosphorylate various target proteins, which may include OR4D9, leading to its functional activation. | ||||||
Isoproterenol Hydrochloride | 51-30-9 | sc-202188 sc-202188A | 100 mg 500 mg | $27.00 $37.00 | 5 | |
Isoproterenol is a synthetic catecholamine that activates beta-adrenergic receptors, leading to increased adenylate cyclase activity and elevated cAMP levels. The subsequent activation of PKA can then phosphorylate and activate OR4D9 if PKA phosphorylation sites are present on the protein. | ||||||
IBMX | 28822-58-4 | sc-201188 sc-201188B sc-201188A | 200 mg 500 mg 1 g | $159.00 $315.00 $598.00 | 34 | |
IBMX is a non-selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterases, which prevents the breakdown of cAMP and cGMP. By inhibiting the degradation of cAMP, IBMX indirectly increases PKA activity, which could then phosphorylate and activate OR4D9. | ||||||
PGE2 | 363-24-6 | sc-201225 sc-201225C sc-201225A sc-201225B | 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 50 mg | $56.00 $156.00 $270.00 $665.00 | 37 | |
Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) binds to its G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), leading to an increase in intracellular cAMP levels via adenylate cyclase activation. The cascade following PGE2 receptor activation includes PKA activation, which could phosphorylate and activate OR4D9. | ||||||
Histamine, free base | 51-45-6 | sc-204000 sc-204000A sc-204000B | 1 g 5 g 25 g | $92.00 $277.00 $969.00 | 7 | |
Histamine can bind to H2 receptors, which are GPCRs that stimulate adenylate cyclase to increase cAMP levels in the cell. This rise in cAMP activates PKA, which might then phosphorylate and activate OR4D9. | ||||||
Dopamine | 51-61-6 | sc-507336 | 1 g | $290.00 | ||
Dopamine can bind to D1-like receptors, which are coupled to Gs proteins that activate adenylate cyclase, leading to increased cAMP levels and PKA activation. PKA can then potentially phosphorylate and activate OR4D9. | ||||||
(−)-Epinephrine | 51-43-4 | sc-205674 sc-205674A sc-205674B sc-205674C sc-205674D | 1 g 5 g 10 g 100 g 1 kg | $40.00 $102.00 $197.00 $1739.00 $16325.00 | ||
Epinephrine interacts with beta-adrenergic receptors, stimulating adenylate cyclase and increasing cAMP production. The rise in cAMP levels leads to PKA activation, which can phosphorylate and activate OR4D9. | ||||||
Adenosine | 58-61-7 | sc-291838 sc-291838A sc-291838B sc-291838C sc-291838D sc-291838E sc-291838F | 1 g 5 g 100 g 250 g 1 kg 5 kg 10 kg | $33.00 $47.00 $294.00 $561.00 $1020.00 $2550.00 $4590.00 | 1 | |
Adenosine interacts with A2A or A2B receptors, which are coupled to Gs proteins that activate adenylate cyclase. This increases intracellular cAMP levels, leading to PKA activation. PKA could then activate OR4D9 through phosphorylation. | ||||||
Salbutamol | 18559-94-9 | sc-253527 sc-253527A | 25 mg 50 mg | $92.00 $138.00 | ||
Salbutamol is a beta-2 adrenergic receptor agonist that increases intracellular cAMP by activating adenylate cyclase via Gs protein-coupled receptor signaling. The increased cAMP levels activate PKA, which could lead to the phosphorylation and activation of OR4D9. | ||||||
Terbutaline Hemisulfate | 23031-32-5 | sc-204911 sc-204911A | 1 g 5 g | $90.00 $371.00 | 2 | |
Terbutaline works similarly to salbutamol by agonizing beta-2 adrenergic receptors, leading to increased cAMP and PKA activation. PKA then has the potential to phosphorylate and activate OR4D9. | ||||||