MSAP Activators
Chemical activators of MSAP can initiate a cascade of intracellular events that result in the functional activation of the protein through phosphorylation. Forskolin is known for its ability to directly stimulate adenylate cyclase, thereby increasing cAMP levels within the cell. The surge in cAMP activates protein kinase A (PKA), which then phosphorylates various substrates, including MSAP. Similarly, IBMX raises cAMP levels by inhibiting phosphodiesterases that would otherwise degrade cAMP, indirectly promoting PKA activation and subsequent phosphorylation of MSAP. Another cAMP analog, 8-Br-cAMP, directly activates PKA, leading to phosphorylation events that include the activation of MSAP. Moreover, compounds like PMA and its structurally related phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate activate protein kinase C (PKC), which can also phosphorylate and thus activate MSAP. PKC serves as an alternative kinase that can modify MSAP, showing the diverse regulatory mechanisms that converge on the activity of MSAP.
Calcium plays a pivotal role in the activation of MSAP through the action of calcium ionophores like A23187 and ionomycin, which increase intracellular calcium concentrations. This rise in calcium ions triggers the activation of calcium-dependent protein kinases capable of phosphorylating MSAP. Thapsigargin contributes to this process as well by inhibiting the SERCA pump, leading to elevated cytosolic calcium levels and subsequent activation of kinases that phosphorylate MSAP. The inhibition of protein phosphatases by compounds like okadaic acid and calyculin A also leads to the sustained phosphorylation and consequent activation of MSAP, as these inhibitors prevent the removal of phosphate groups from phosphorylated proteins. Additionally, anisomycin activates stress-activated protein kinases (SAPKs) which may target and phosphorylate MSAP. In a similar vein, zaprinast increases cGMP levels, thereby activating protein kinase G (PKG), which can also phosphorylate and activate MSAP, illustrating the intricate network of signaling pathways that regulate MSAP activity.
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| Product Name | CAS # | Catalog # | QUANTITY | Price | Citations | RATING |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Forskolin | 66575-29-9 | sc-3562 sc-3562A sc-3562B sc-3562C sc-3562D | 5 mg 50 mg 1 g 2 g 5 g | $76.00 $150.00 $725.00 $1385.00 $2050.00 | 73 | |
Forskolin activates adenylate cyclase, leading to an increase in cyclic AMP (cAMP) levels. Elevated cAMP activates protein kinase A (PKA), which can phosphorylate targets including MSAP. Phosphorylation by PKA can lead to the functional activation of MSAP by changing its conformation or facilitating its interaction with other proteins or substrates within its signaling pathway. | ||||||
IBMX | 28822-58-4 | sc-201188 sc-201188B sc-201188A | 200 mg 500 mg 1 g | $159.00 $315.00 $598.00 | 34 | |
IBMX is a non-specific inhibitor of phosphodiesterases, which leads to an increase in cAMP by preventing its degradation. The accumulation of cAMP activates PKA, and the subsequent phosphorylation cascade may result in the functional activation of MSAP as part of the downstream effects. | ||||||
PMA | 16561-29-8 | sc-3576 sc-3576A sc-3576B sc-3576C sc-3576D | 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg 100 mg | $40.00 $129.00 $210.00 $490.00 $929.00 | 119 | |
PMA activates protein kinase C (PKC) which is involved in various signaling cascades. Activation of PKC can lead to the phosphorylation of proteins within these pathways. As a downstream effect, PKC-mediated phosphorylation can lead to the activation of MSAP by altering its activity or facilitating its proper localization in the cell. | ||||||
A23187 | 52665-69-7 | sc-3591 sc-3591B sc-3591A sc-3591C | 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg | $54.00 $128.00 $199.00 $311.00 | 23 | |
Calcium ionophore A23187 increases intracellular calcium levels, which can activate calcium-dependent protein kinases. These kinases, such as calmodulin-dependent kinase, can phosphorylate and thereby activate MSAP through direct interactions and modifications that promote its functional activity in cellular signaling. | ||||||
Thapsigargin | 67526-95-8 | sc-24017 sc-24017A | 1 mg 5 mg | $94.00 $349.00 | 114 | |
Thapsigargin is a SERCA pump inhibitor leading to increased cytosolic calcium levels. Elevated calcium can activate calcium-dependent kinases that could phosphorylate and activate MSAP, integrating it more effectively into its associated signaling pathways and enhancing its functional role in the cell. | ||||||
Ionomycin | 56092-82-1 | sc-3592 sc-3592A | 1 mg 5 mg | $76.00 $265.00 | 80 | |
Ionomycin is a calcium ionophore that raises intracellular calcium levels, similar to A23187. This elevation in calcium ions can activate calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases, which in turn can phosphorylate and activate MSAP, thereby enabling its role in calcium-mediated signal transduction processes. | ||||||
8-Bromo-cAMP | 76939-46-3 | sc-201564 sc-201564A | 10 mg 50 mg | $97.00 $224.00 | 30 | |
8-Br-cAMP is a cAMP analog that activates PKA. PKA then can phosphorylate target proteins, including MSAP. The phosphorylation of MSAP by PKA can lead to its functional activation within the cell, facilitating its participation in cAMP-dependent signaling pathways. | ||||||
Okadaic Acid | 78111-17-8 | sc-3513 sc-3513A sc-3513B | 25 µg 100 µg 1 mg | $285.00 $520.00 $1300.00 | 78 | |
Okadaic acid is an inhibitor of protein phosphatases 1 and 2A, which prevents the dephosphorylation of proteins. By inhibiting dephosphorylation, okadaic acid indirectly maintains the phosphorylated and active state of proteins, including MSAP, thereby sustaining its active role in signal transduction. | ||||||
Anisomycin | 22862-76-6 | sc-3524 sc-3524A | 5 mg 50 mg | $97.00 $254.00 | 36 | |
Anisomycin is a protein synthesis inhibitor that can activate stress-activated protein kinases (SAPKs). Activation of SAPKs can lead to phosphorylation and activation of various substrates, potentially including MSAP, which can be functionally activated as part of the cellular stress response. | ||||||
Calyculin A | 101932-71-2 | sc-24000 sc-24000A | 10 µg 100 µg | $160.00 $750.00 | 59 | |
Calyculin A is an inhibitor of protein phosphatase 1 and 2A, similar to okadaic acid. By preventing dephosphorylation, calyculin A can lead to the sustained activation of MSAP through phosphorylation that remains unremoved, thus maintaining MSAP in an active state within its signaling pathways. | ||||||